Thaís Cozza dos Santos

The Australian cattle dog (ACD) is very popular due to its working function, being used mainly for work in the management of cattle and sheep. However, there are few studies on the orthopedic conditions that affect these animals. Thus, this study aimed to radiographically evaluate and describe the elbow joints of ACDs. Radiographic images of 100 elbows were used. Joint incongruence, fragmentation of the coronoid process (FCP), non-union of the anconeal process (NUAP), presence of osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD), and osteoarthrotic signs were evaluated. As a result, 83% of the evaluated elbows present no radiographic alteration, while 16% showed alterations compatible with elbow dysplasia, the presence of joint incongruence, or osteoarthrotic signs. No primary alteration of FCP, NUAP, or OCD elbow dysplasia was observed. Thus, the radiographic images of ACD elbows showed few radiographic alterations and a low prevalence of elbow dysplasia.

Australian Cattle Dogs (ACD) are medium-sized animals widely used in fieldwork for managing cattle and sheep. There needs to be more information about the conditions these dogs can develop despite being well-characterized animals since the beginning of the 20th century. Hip dysplasia (HD) is a developmental abnormality between the femoral head and the acetabular fossa, which can be debilitating. However, the available literature has no studies on the prevalence of this condition in dogs of this breed. This study aimed to evaluate radiographs of ACD qualitatively and quantitatively. For this purpose, 49 dogs considered healthy without clinical signs of HD were radiographically assessed, and the animals were classified as dysplastic (D) and non-dysplastic (ND). A frequency of 46.9% of dysplastic dogs was observed, with males being more affected. The cortical index (CI) and angle of inclination (AI) could not differentiate D from ND animals; only the Norberg angle (NA) was effective in this differentiation. No correlation was observed between AI, CI, and AN.

Na clínica de pequenos animais enfermidades gastrointestinais são assíduas, ainda mais considerando os quadros obstrutivos em que são vistos como as emergências cirúrgicas. Dentre estas, se encaixa a intussuscepção intestinal um distúrbio significativo, onde ocorre a invaginação de uma porção do intestino para o lúmen da porção adjacente. O exame físico e ultrassonográfico são importantes ferramentas para o diagnóstico, sendo o US um diagnóstico seguro, sensível, específico e de grande acurácia assim evitando falsos negativos. O objetivo de deste trabalho é descrever o caso de um canino macho diagnosticado através de ultrassonografia com intussuscepção intestinal aguda causada por tumor de estroma gastrointestinal visualizada cirurgicamente, visando ressaltar a importância de tal exame para com a enfermidade e seu diagnóstico. Ainda, as neoplasias primarias do TGI referem-se a cerca de 2% das neoplasias caninas, sendo a GIST um tipo raro de neoplasia observada em tal espécie.

A urolitíase é uma das principais doenças relacionadas ao trato urinário inferior de felinos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar um raro caso de paciente felino pediátrico diagnosticado com urolitíase de fosfato de cálcio aos dois meses de idade. Dessa forma, foi realizada ultrassonografia abdominal completa onde foi constatada a presença de uma estrutura em região caudal da vesícula urinária, ocupando 80% do tamanho total vesical e a presença de urina era ínfima, impossibilitando a realização de urinálise. Assim, a paciente foi encaminhada para realização de cistotomia para remoção da urolitíase. Durante o procedimento cirúrgico foi observada a presença de diversos micro urólitos, os quais estavam agrupados formando um único objeto de formato irregular e coloração amarelada. Através de análise mineralógica foi detectada presença de 100% de fosfato de cálcio hidroxilado, traços de oxalato de cálcio monohidratado e traços de matriz orgânica amorfa. A presença de urólitos de fosfato de cálcio em felinos adultos, já é pouco frequente, quando se trata de filhotes não há registro na literatura. Ou seja, este caso se demonstra raro pela idade da paciente atendida e pela composição da urolitíase diagnosticada em sua vesícula urinária.

A hidrocefalia considerada uma anomalia multifatorial, associada ao acúmulo ou passagem inadequada do líquido cefalorraquidiano, as consequências de tal enfermidade podem ser dilatação, aumento de volume e subsequente atrofia e destruição do parênquima encefálico. Seu diagnóstico definitivo se dá através de exames de imagem. Assim, tem-se como objetivo relatar o caso do diagnóstico ultrassonográfico de hidrocefalia congênita em um canino de raça pug com 45 dias. A paciente demonstrava sinais neurológicos, como vocalização constante, head pressing e desorientação, além de atraso no desenvolvimento em relação ao restante da ninhada. Para o diagnóstico foi realizado exame ultrassonográfico da janela temporal direita, esquerda e fontanela.

Background: Craniomandibular osteopathy (CMO) is a degenerative, osteopetrotic, and self-limiting bone disease that is rare in the canine species. The most affected bones and joints are the branches of the mandible, tympanic bulla, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with generalized thickening of the bone trabeculae, increased lines of bone cementation, and bone proliferation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate 2 cases of CMO in mixed-breed dogs belonging to the same litter sent to the Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (LRD / FV / UFPel). Cases: Three canines (mixed-breed, 2 female and 1 male) belonging to the same litter presented at eight months of age with increases in volume and pain in the face, difficulties in moving the jaw, anorexia, and sialorrhea. The 2 female dogs were euthanized and sent to LRD / FV / UFPel for necropsy. The animals underwent radiography of the left and right lateral and dorsoventral lateral projections in the imaging sector of the Hospital de Clínicas Veterinária (HCV) at UFPel. During the necropsy, fragments of organs from the abdominal and thoracic cavities, as well as the central nervous system and head bones, were collected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. The tissue samples were cleaved, processed routinely, embedded in paraffin, cut into sections of 3 µm thickness, and stained using hematoxylin and eosin (HE). The bone fragments were decalcified in a 50/50 solution of 8% hydrochloric acid and 8% formic acid and subsequently cleaved and stained with HE. The head and jaw of one of the animals was dissected and subjected to maceration in water at room temperature. Radiographic examination of the two remaining animals showed irregular and exuberant bone proliferation in the mandible and temporomandibular region. In the tympanic bullae, occipital bone, and zygomatic process, thickening of the structures was observed with increased opacity. On necropsy, the animals were cachectic with marked muscle atrophy and increased volume of the mandibular branches and head bones, in addition to marked edema in the adjacent subcutaneous tissue. The regional lymph nodes were enlarged, and in one of the animals, bilateral lesions in the femurs were also observed. In the head subjected to biological maceration, areas of bone proliferation and rarefaction were observed, with increased volume and destruction of the TMJ. On histopathological evaluation of the ventral portion of the mandibular bodies, a network of bony trabeculae was observed, composed of a chondroid matrix with different degrees of mineralization. The cortical portion of the bones exhibited loss of lamellar compactness, with greater spread of the bone trabeculae. The bone trabeculae were perpendicular to the long axis of the cortical of the mandible and were distributed in the medullary spaces, presenting some dense foci of inflammatory infiltrates composed predominantly of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. Discussion: The breeds most predisposed to developing CMO are the West Highland White Terrier and Scottish Terrier; however, the disease has also been described in other non-Terriers. Nevertheless, there are no descriptions in the literature of mixed-breed animals (SRD), with this report being the first of CMO in SRD dogs. The bones most frequently affected in CMO are those of the head. In Terrier dogs, the TMJ is also affected. In the cases of this study, severe CMO occurred, affecting both the head bones and TMJ, and in 1 of the animals, it also affected the femurs. Although CMO has not previously been reported in SRD dogs, the condition can seriously affect these animals, and differential diagnosis should always be made. Keywords: degenerative bone disease, bone proliferation, lion jaw, TMJ. Título: Osteopatia craniomandibular em cães sem raça definida Descritores: doença óssea degenerativa, proliferação óssea, mandíbula de leão, ATM.

Acquired megaesophagus is an uncommon cause of regurgitation in dogs. Diagnosis is confirmed by simple or contrast radiographs, endoscopy, tomography, scintigraphy, or magnetic resonance imaging. Esophagography with barium sulphate contrast is the most commonly used method, however, it may be inconclusive if dilation marking does not occur. This paper reports the case of a 9-year-old female dog, with a history of regurgitation over six months, simple and contrast radiographic exams showing no evidence of megaesophagus. The esophagography exam was repeated with the addition of barium contrast mixed with commercial dry pet food, which verified esophageal dilatation and confirmed megaesophagus. Although this technique is not widely used, it is an effective alternative method for diagnosis of canine megaesophagus, particularly when other radiographic approaches are inconclusive.