Seher Yüksel

Objectives: To define the clinicopathologic spectrum of histologically confirmed glomus tumors of the upper extremity over a 20-year archival period, and to compare digital and extradigital lesions.Materials and Methods: The pathology archive of a single tertiary university hospital was searched for the term “glomus” for the period 2005–2025. Adults aged 18 years or older with a histopathologic diagnosis of solid glomus tumor at a documented upper-extremity site were included. Glomuvenous malformation, head and neck paragangliomas, lower-extremity, truncal, and visceral lesions, and re-excision material were excluded. Records whose anatomic site was not stated in the pathology report were verified against hospital discharge summaries, which were also reviewed for clinical, radiologic, and operative variables. Digital and extradigital groups were compared using Fisher’s exact test and the Mann–Whitney U test.Results: Fifty-six patients were included. The derived mean age at diagnosis was 45.9 ± 12.7 years and 43 patients (76.8%) were women. Forty-five tumors (80.4%) were digital and 11 (19.6%) were extradigital. Women accounted for 38 of 45 digital tumors(84.4%), compared with 5 of 11 extradigital tumors (45.5%) (p = 0.013; odds ratio 6.51). Women were diagnosed at a younger age than men (median 42 versus 59 years; p = 0.002). Where symptom duration was recorded (n = 15), the median was 66 months. Five patients had been given an alternative preoperative diagnosis. None of the included tumors were malignant.Conclusion: Upper-extremity glomus tumors were predominantly digital and occurred mainly in females, but extradigital disease showed a balanced sex distribution and was frequently misdiagnosed. Diagnostic delay continued to be measured in years.

Immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (IGHV) mutational status and B-cell receptor (BCR) stereotypy are established prognostic markers in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, immunogenetic data from Türkiye and surrounding regions are scarce. We evaluated IGHV mutational status, BCR stereotypy including nearest subset assignment, and their clinical and cytogenetic correlates in a real-world Turkish CLL cohort. We retrospectively analyzed 145 patients with CLL at a tertiary referral center in Türkiye. IGHV mutational status was determined by next-generation sequencing (98% germline homology cutoff). BCR stereotypy was assigned using ARResT/AssignSubsets. Cytogenetic abnormalities were assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Time-to-first treatment (TTFT), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were analyzed by Kaplan–Meier method, with multivariate Cox regression for TTFT. Unmutated IGHV was detected in 55.2% of patients, higher than Western reports but consistent with Mediterranean and Middle Eastern cohorts. Unmutated cases showed adverse cytogenetics—del(11q) and multiple concurrent FISH abnormalities—whereas del(13q) predominated in mutated cases. At a median follow-up of 43.0 months unmutated status strongly predicted a profoundly shorter median TTFT compared to mutated cases (17.0 vs. 70.0 months; p < 0.0001). Notably, while an unmutated IGHV status strongly predicted a significantly shorter TTFT, it did not translate into worse PFS or OS compared to mutated cases, reflecting the transformative real-world impact and rescue capacity of modern targeted therapies utilized upon disease progression. Major stereotyped subsets were present in 15.9% of patients; subset #2 was absent, while subset #1 was predominant (39.1%). Subsets #1 and #64B were overrepresented among relapsed cases. Nearest subset #77 showed rapid progression despite mutated IGHV. CLL in Türkiye demonstrates region-specific immunogenetic features while preserving established clinico-biological correlations. Integration of IGHV status, cytogenetics, and BCR stereotypy may improve risk stratification in underrepresented populations.

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne parasitic disease transmitted by the bite of infected female sandflies. Leishmania species can cause various clinical manifestations, ranging in severity from spontaneously regressing cutaneous lesions to visceral disease, which is fatal in over 95% of cases if left untreated. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) presents unexplained

Chondrosarcoma is the most frequently seen primary malignant tumour of the hand. It is seen most often in the proximal phalanges and metacarpals, and middle phalanx involvement is rarely seen. An 80-year-old female presented at our clinic with the complaints of pain and a massive mass in the middle phalanx. On the direct radiograph, there was seen to be an expansile, permeative mass, creating a destructive, periosteal reaction with total involvement of the middle phalanx. Amputation was performed at the level of the proximal phalanx. Curettage and grafting were not considered in this case as the lesion was causing destruction and expansion in the middle phalanx. This is one of the few cases in literature of a grade 2 (intermediate) chondrosarcoma in the middle phalanx. In this case presentation, the diagnosis and treatment of middle phalanx chondrosarcoma was explained in the light of current literature.