Yun Li

Objectives: Previous psychometric network models have been limited to cross-sectional designs, while current longitudinal models also suffer from methodological shortcomings. This study challenges and refines previous longitudinal psychometric network models, addressing the temporal and static correlational relationships between mobile phone addiction and mental health symptoms, as well as gender differences. Methods: We conducted a one-year follow-up study involving 1,479 adolescents ( M _age =15.28±1.51, 786 males), and measured mobile phone addiction (inability to control cravings, feeling anxious and lost, withdrawal and escape, productivity loss) and mental health (obsessive compulsive tendencies, paranoid, hostility, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, academic stress, maladaptation, emotional disturbance, psychological imbalance). Panel graphical vector autoregression network analysis was used to establish temporal, contemporaneous, and between-subjects networks, and estimate node centrality. Network comparisons were additionally performed between gender. Results: The majority of mobile phone addiction predicted subsequent mental health symptoms, especially inability to control cravings, productivity loss, and anxiety. Hostility, emotional disturbance, or academic stress were also involved in temporal, contemporaneous, and between-subjects associations, respectively. There were no significant differences in the global metrics of the gender subgroup network, but these differences were reflected at the micro-level. Primarily, it revealed a temporal link between productivity loss and anxiety for females, whereas for males, it highlighted inability to control cravings and academic stress. Conclusions: These findings supplement the longitudinal evidence from a psychometric perspective, revealing the complex network interactions between mobile phone addiction and mental health, and highlighting the key associations between gendered mobile phone use and psychological problems as intervention targets.

Background: Organ system-based curriculum (OSBC) has been introduced to improve traditional discipline-based teaching in Chinese medical schools. This study evaluates the localization effects of OSBC by comparing short term, i.e., final exam, objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) and long term i.e., national medical licensing examination (NMLE) outcomes across different teaching classes. Findings aim to inform future curriculum reform and faculty development in localized medical education. Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental design and obtained 111 undergraduate medical students through cluster sampling. Medical students were grouped by teaching schemes, gender and grade with short-term outcomes assessed via final exams and OSCE, and long-term outcomes via post-graduation NMLE scores. Results: The results of Wilcoxon rank sum test showed that the OSCE scores of students in Nanshan class were higher than those in traditional teaching class, especially in the modules of Medical History Collection and Physical Examination ( Z = 1.979, p = 0.048; Z = 2.405, p = 0.016). Yet, the comparison of NMLE items revealed no significant differences between the two student groups. Males and earlier cohorts exhibited slight advantages in OSCE/NMLE, though non-significant. Conclusion: The localized OSBC demonstrates early prospects in clinical skills highlighting the need for optimized resource allocation personalized guidance and holistic student development in medical education reform, offering insights for the exchange and practice of international medical education.

This study investigates OSCE performance among Chinese undergraduate medical students to identify differences and analyze the interconnections among OSCE modules. Employing network analysis, we map the relationships between modules to determine their predictive strength and centrality to overall clinical competence, offering a novel perspective on skill integration and curriculum design. Analyzing data from 3,710 students across three medical specialities (clinical medicine, anesthesiology, medical imaging) from a leading medical institution in Guangzhou, China (Grade 2011–2016), and the independent samples t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson’s correlation, and network analysis were employed to dissect performance trends, compare demographic group differences, and unearth the correlations among the examination modules. Significant differences were identified between genders, with female students consistently outperforming male students across modules and overall scores except for auxiliary examination analysis. Besides, specialities differed significantly in physical examination, basic operational skills, auxiliary examination analysis, and case analysis. Network analysis revealed that the nodes “Pediatric Skills” and “Nursing Skill” exhibit the strongest linkage, closely followed by “Cardiac Auscultation” and “Pulmonary Auscultation”. “General Physical Examination” is the most influential, with “Pediatric Skills” and “Gynecological Obstetrical Skills” also prominent. From the perspective of medical education reform, reinforcing core skills like “General Physical Examination” and integrating modules to enhance skill synergy is pivotal. Implementing targeted educational interventions, including advanced training and clinical practice courses, will not only address performance disparities but also bolster students’ clinical acumen and communication skills, laying a robust foundation for superior patient care. The network analysis approach reveals how module performances interrelate, highlighting central modules whose improvement can boost related competencies. It complements traditional statistics, visualizing these relationships to inform OSCE reforms and enrich medical education.

Autophagy is a key innate immune defense mechanism in intestinal epithelial cells. Bacterial invasion of epithelial cells activates antibacterial autophagy through a process that requires the innate immune adaptor protein MYD88, yet how MYD88 signaling connects to the autophagy machinery is unknown. Here, we show that the mouse intestinal pathogen Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium ( Salmonella Typhimurium) triggers MYD88 signaling that regulates binding of the anti-autophagy factor B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) to the essential autophagy protein Beclin1 (BECN1) in small intestinal enterocytes, a key epithelial cell lineage. Salmonella infection activated the kinase c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase 1 (JNK1) downstream of MYD88. JNK1 induced enterocyte BCL2 phosphorylation, promoting dissociation of the inhibitory BCL2–BECN1 complex and releasing BECN1 to initiate autophagy. Mice with BCL2 phosphorylation site mutations that prevent BCL2–BECN1 dissociation showed increased Salmonella invasion of enterocytes and dissemination to extraintestinal sites. These findings reveal that BCL2 links MYD88 signaling to enterocyte autophagy initiation, providing mechanistic insight into how invading bacteria trigger autophagy in the intestinal epithelium.

Introduction: This study investigates how parental styles, basic empathy, and family violence influence adolescents’ bystander behaviors in school bullying.Methods: A survey was conducted with 1,067 students from three middle schools in southern China. Multifactor logistic regression and a moderated mediation model were employed to analyze the relationships between positive and negative parental styles, basic empathy, and bystander behaviors.Results: The study found significant correlations and predictive relationships: Positive parental styles were strongly associated with increased basic empathy (r = 0.29, p < 0.01) and behaviors that protect victims (r = 0.29, p < 0.01). In contrast, negative parental styles correlated positively with behaviors that support bullying (r = 0.12, p < 0.01) and instances of family violence (r = 0.62, p < 0.01). Basic empathy negatively predicted behaviors that promote bullying (β = -0.098, p < 0.01) and positively predicted protective behaviors toward victims (β = 0.249, p < 0.001). Furthermore, family violence weakened the positive effects of positive parental styles on both empathy (β = -0.075, p < 0.001) and protective behaviors (β = -0.025, p < 0.01).Conclusion: The findings indicate that positive parental styles indirectly promote adolescents’ victim protector behaviors by enhancing their basic empathy, underscoring the importance of emotional cultivation. Meanwhile, family violence weakens the positive impact of these parental styles on basic empathy and protective behaviors, harming adolescents’ emotional security and behavioral norms.