Kiswanto Kiswanto

Purpose: Corporate tax aggressiveness refers to practices aimed at reducing corporate taxes in order to lower the company’s cost burden. This study seeks to uncover the impact of board diversity on corporate tax aggressiveness in Indonesia. Specifically, this study examines the characteristics of boards of directors in terms of gender, educational background, political connections, and experience.,Design/methodology/approach: This study was conducted on 1,189 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2019 to 2022. The study employed two data analysis approaches: OLS and 2SLS. The OLS analysis was intended to test the influence of Board of Directors characteristic variables—comprising managerial ownership, commissioner ownership, gender, educational background, political connections, and board experience—on tax aggressiveness. Second, the 2SLS-based analysis was used to examine the role of experience in moderating the effects of managerial ownership, commissioner ownership, and gender on tax aggressiveness.,Findings: The results of the study indicate that tax aggressiveness is influenced by the variables of managerial ownership, the number of board members, gender, political connections, educational background, experience, firm size, and ROE. Furthermore, the 2SLS test shows that the characteristics of the board of directors directly influence tax aggressiveness in Indonesia.,Implikasi/Originality/value: The findings of this study have implications for policymakers in establishing regulations to set limits on managerial ownership and requirements for boards of directors, which could ultimately curb aggressive tax behavior that undermines government revenue. Second, this study is limited to manufacturing companies only; therefore, future research should expand its scope to include companies listed on the stock exchange. The hope is that this will enable researchers to distinguish the tax aggressiveness of publicly traded companies in Indonesia.

The purpose of this research is to empirically test and analyze the influence of ownership structure, including family ownership, management ownership, institutional ownership, state ownership, public ownership, foreign ownership, and concentrated ownership, on tax aggressiveness (ETR and CFETR). The ETR indicates a company’s behavior in reducing corporate taxes, while the CFETR denotes tax aggressiveness in terms of cash flow used to pay corporate taxes. These two measures can provide clues about whether a company is tax aggressive. This study is based on two theories—agency theory and socioemotional wealth theory. While agency theory is used to examine the impact of tax aggressiveness, socioemotional wealth theory examines the impact of family ownership on tax aggressiveness. This study employed a quantitative approach, using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis techniques to examine all companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2023, yielding a total of 382 cross-sectional data units. The results of this study indicate that family ownership, management ownership, institutional ownership, state ownership, and foreign ownership have a significant effect, meaning that as the proportion of ownership increases, tax aggressiveness increases. In comparison, public ownership and concentrated ownership do not have a significant effect on tax aggressiveness. This study provides a new contribution to the capital market context in Indonesia, which comprehensively shows the types of ownership structures, namely family, managerial, institutional, state, public, foreign, and concentrated ownership, in relation to corporate aggressiveness. Future research should build on the results of this study to highlight the important role of shareholders in tax aggressiveness in Indonesia and other developing countries.

This study systematically reviews the journey of carbon accounting research published in international journals ranging from 2011-2022 to provide future directions of research. This paper aims to provide an overview of key themes in carbon accounting development over the past 12 years. This study analyzed 62 articles from Scopus database research journal from 9 countries published in 21 journals. This bibliometric study uses content analysis with QSR Nvivo software. Carbon accounting research development starts from counting to accounting field, but no one studied the accountability of carbon emission. Most of the samples studied carbon emission in corporate level compared with city, national, product, or project level. More than half of the samples use qualitative method, especially case study. Research on Carbon Accounting still allows a lot of development, especially in the measurement and disclosure of carbon emission. The accountability of carbon accounting also needs further analysis. This study contributes to the existing literature of carbon accounting research stream and provides suggestions for future research. Accounting standards setter can start to regulate the recognition, measurement, presentations, and disclosure of carbon emissions. Auditing standards setter also can start to regulate the auditing procedure of carbon accounting.

Earnings management is a behavior performed by management to show good performance to principals. This effort creates information bias in the study of agency theory, which in turn increases information asymmetry. In Indonesia, the average company has a family ownership structure. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of family ownership characteristics and gender on earnings management. This study includes gender diversity in the board of commissioners and board of directors. This research uses the non-financial companies’ data in Indonesian Capital Market. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using multiple regression based on ordinary least squares. Research results show that the proportion of females in both board of commissioners and board of directors, as well as company size contribute significantly to earnings management, whereas, family ownership, ROA, and leverage do not have a significant impact. This research provides a practical contribution to the study of the composition of the board of commissioners and directors regarding earnings management actions for owners, investors and other stakeholders.

The development of information technology supports companies in conveying information to all stakeholders in a timely way. This study examined corporate internet reporting that was influenced by the characteristics of the directors (Size, Indep, Aboard, Fboard, Tenur, Famboard, Gender and Founder) of Indonesian companies. Furthermore, this study used the ordinary least square analysis technique which presented five control variables: firm size, profitability, leverage, liquidity and firm age. The research sample is 513 companies of the 716 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The results show that board of directors’ size, independent board of directors, tenure, family relations and gender have a significant effect on timeliness of corporate internet reporting (TCIR), while age of president director, foreign director and founder do not have a significant effect. Therefore, firm size, profitability and liquidity are able to be control variables on the use of TCIR through the company’s web, while leverage and firm age are not able to do this. Therefore, it is advisable for companies in Indonesia to pay attention to the composition of the characteristics directors in order to improve the quality of company financial information via the internet. This needs to be done because it can give a positive signal to all stakeholders, which will ultimately increase stakeholder trust in the company.

Students of the millennial generation have several characteristics, including being wasteful in their management of money and being highly dependent on information and communication technology. These phenomena mean financial literacy is important for them, in order that they become capable, wise, and efficient individuals who are future-oriented in managing their personal finances. This study aims to create a model for developing the financial management behavior of students. It covers five variables, namely financial behavior, financial attitude, financial knowledge, social media exposure, and peer influence. By using purposive sampling and a five-point Likert scale questionnaire, this study collected data from 327 students spread across several universities in Indonesia. The results of the descriptive analysis show that the students’ financial management behavior (FMB), financial attitude, and financial knowledge are classified as good. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis using the single-composite indicator technique shows that 58% of FMB is influenced by financial exposure from social media, financial attitude, and peer influence. Social media exposure and peer influence take on a strategic nature. Financial knowledge, financial attitude, and financial behavior are internal variables related to financial literacy. Further research would need to identify the external variables that have a potential influence on the internal variables of financial literacy.

Determinan Kinerja Pemerintah Daerah : Ukuran Pemda, Leverage, Temuan Audit dan Tindak Lanjutnya

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk memperoleh bukti empiris terkait pengaruh pendapatan asli daerah, ukuran pemerintah, belanja modal terhadap kelemahan pengendalian internal dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi sebagai variabel moderating. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 122 pemerintah Kabupaten/Kota di Pulau Jawa dan Bali tahun 2016. Metode yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan yaitu 83 laporan keuangan dan hasil pemeriksaan kabupaten/kota. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah path analysis dengan alat bantu IBM AMOS 21. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel pendapatan asli daerah dan ukuran pemerintah berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap kelemahan pengendalian internal. Hasil pengujian pada variabel belanja modal menunjukan pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kelemahan pengendalian internal. Pertumbuhan ekonomi mampu memoderasi pengaruh antara variabel independen dengan variabel dependen. Hasil menunjukan pertumbuhan ekonomi mampu memperkuat pengaruh pendapatan asli daerah dan ukuran pemerintah terhadap kelemahan pengendalian internal dan memperlemah pengaruh belanja modal terhadap kelemahan pengendalian internal. Saran yang dapat diberikan dari adanya penelitian ini adalah pemerintah daerah dapat mempertahankan atau meningkatkan kualitas pengendalian internal yang dimiliki dengan cara meningkatkan kualitas aparat pengawas internal pemerintah (APIP), mengkatkan kualitas penerapan wilayah bebas korupsi, wilayah birokasi bersih melayani dan zona integritas.Kata Kunci: Pendapatan Asli Daerah; Ukuran Pemerintah; Belanja Modal; Pertumbuhan Ekonomi; Kelemahan Pengendalian Internal

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of fraud risk assessment, skepticism, and workload on the ability to detect fraud with experience as a quasi-moderating variable. The population and sample of this study are auditors who work in the Financial and Development Supervisory Agency (BPKP) of Central Java Province. The sample in this study was 41 auditors. Data collection using a questionnaire. The method of data analysis in this study was moderated regression analysis (MRA). The results showed that fraud risk assessment, skepticism and workload had a significant effect on the ability to detect fraud. Experience could moderate the effect of the relationship between risk assessment of fraud and the ability to detect fraud. Keywords: Risk of fraud assessment, fraud detection, experience

The influence of earnings management and asymmetry information on the cost of equity capital moderated by disclosure level