El-Sayed M. El-Rabaie

Electroencephalography (EEG) is among the main tools used for analyzing and diagnosing epilepsy. The manual analysis of EEG must be conducted by highly trained clinicians or neuro‐physiologists; a process that is considered to have a comparatively low inter‐rater agreement. Furthermore, the new data interpretation consumes an excessive amount of time and resources. Hence, an automatic seizure detection and prediction system can improve the quality of patient care in terms of shortening the diagnosis period, reducing manual errors, and automatically detecting debilitating events. Moreover, for patient treatment, it is important to alert the patients of epilepsy seizures prior to seizure occurrence. Various distinguished studies presented good solutions for two‐class seizure detection problems with binary classification scenarios. To deal with these challenges, this paper puts forward effective approaches for EEG signal classification for normal, pre‐ictal, and ictal activities. Three models are presented for the classification task. Two of them are patient‐specific, while the third one is patient non‐specific, which makes it better for the general classification tasks. The two‐class classification is implemented between normal and pre‐ictal activities for seizure prediction and between normal and ictal activities for seizure detection. A more generalized three‐class classification framework is considered to identify all EEG signal activities. The first model depends on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with residual blocks. It contains thirteen layers with four residual learning blocks. It works on spectrograms of EEG signal segments. The second model depends on a CNN with three layers. It also works on spectrograms. On the other hand, the third model depends on Phase Space Reconstruction (PSR) to eliminate the limitations of the spectrograms used in the first models. A five‐layer CNN is used with this strategy. The advantage of the PSR is the direct projection from the time domain, which keeps the main trend of different signal activities. The third model deals with all signal activities, and it was tested for all patients of the CHB‐MIT dataset. It has a superior performance compared to the first models and the state‐of‐the‐art models.

Deep learning is one of the most promising machine learning techniques that revolutionalized the artificial intelligence field. The known traditional and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been utilized in medical pattern recognition applications that depend on deep learning concepts. This is attributed to the importance of anomaly detection (AD) in automatic diagnosis systems. In this paper, the AD is performed on medical electroencephalography (EEG) signal spectrograms and medical corneal images for Internet of medical things (IoMT) systems. Deep learning based on the CNN models is employed for this task with training and testing phases. Each input image passes through a series of convolution layers with different kernel filters. For the classification task, pooling and fully‐connected layers are utilized. Computer simulation experiments reveal the success and superiority of the proposed models for automated medical diagnosis in IoMT systems.