Tan Hoang Le

Nutrition powders are used to deliver plant bioactives, but apparent stability is often overstated when it is inferred from encapsulation efficiency, day‐zero retention, or bulk antioxidant assays alone. This review develops a matrix‐guided framework for plant‐bioactive nutrition powders, focusing on protein‐polyphenol interactions, carrier matching, encapsulation design, powder formation, shelf‐life analytics, and reconstitution performance. The main weakness in the field is not the lack of encapsulation strategies, but the tendency to treat early retention values as shelf‐life evidence. The review argues that stability claims require three connected checks: chemical retention, powder physical state, and functional performance after reconstitution. The central trade‐off is that mechanisms that appear protective in one matrix may create a different failure mode in another. Protein binding may preserve phenolics while lowering extractability; carbohydrate matrices may immobilize water while failing to support lipophilic actives; and emulsion‐based systems may improve dispersion while increasing oxidation risk. This review proposes an evidence chain that deliberately limits stability claims to what has been validated across chemistry, powder physics, and use‐stage performance. Nutrition‐powder stability is claimed only when chemical retention, physical state, and application performance are evaluated together.

Two species of the genus Amorphophallus, Amorphophallus tuberculatus and Amorphophallus sp, have not yet been studied. Therefore, their glucomannan content, chemical compositions, and biological activities were studied in our research. Results showed that the glucomannan content in fresh tubers of Amorphophallus sp ranged from 22.19% to 27.73%, while no glucomannan was detected in A. tuberculatus. The leaf and tube samples were extracted using ethanol-water (70%) as the solvent, and the chemical composition was analyzed using preliminary qualitative methods and FTIR spectroscopy. Antioxidant activities were evaluated through DPPH radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, which showed that both species exhibited weak antioxidant activities, with IC₅₀ values greater than 100 µg/mL for DPPH and EC₅₀ values above 1.0 mg/mL for FRAP. The chemical composition included flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, and polysaccharides, which were identified using preliminary qualitative methods and FTIR spectroscopy. These findings provide fundamental data on the two species' chemical composition and biological activities, highlighting their potential applications in pharmaceuticals and functional foods, particularly the exploitation of glucomannan as a health-promoting ingredient.