Yueqiang Wang

This study focuses on the inadequate compliance of natural smoke exhaust windows in the central hall of a historical building in Shanghai. Taking into consideration the preservation of the authenticity of the historical structure, five fire scenarios were established to evaluate the fire hazard in the central hall based on different fire heat release rates, fire growth coefficients, number of open windows and window response times. Considering the actual conditions of the historical building and its function as a medical facility, the study also analyzed the rationality of setting fire scenario parameters for evacuation time and fire safety assessment. The research findings indicate that the upper smoke temperature is significantly influenced by the values of heat release rate and the number of open windows. Increasing the number of open windows by 60% can extend the time for the upper smoke temperature to reach a dangerous state by approximately 10%.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vermicomposting (VC) and thermophilic composting (TC) on the molecular transformation of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Here, the DOM after VC and TC (DOM_v and DOM_t, respectively) was characterized using electrospray ionization coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FT-ICR-MS). The results indicated that VC could improve the preservation of nitrogen and the humification of DOM compared with TC. Concurrently, VC facilitated the formation of highly oxidized molecules (O/C = 0.4–0.9) by enhancing the oxidation. The aromatized molecules in each component were more easily generated during VC, especially N-containing aromatized molecules (39.4–58.0%), thereby improving the quality of compost products. Furthermore, this study found that VC could reduce the anaerobic microsites in pile, thus increasing nominal oxidation state of carbon (NOSC) of organic matter and promoting the decomposition of high-energy substrates (mainly lipids, NOSC = − 1.7~− 1.3). These findings provided new molecular insights that VC can significantly improve the oxidation of organic matter and the preservation of nitrogen. Graphical abstract

Fire load survey is an important step in residential fire risk assessment. There are certain differences in residential fire loads in different regions. In order to improve the basic fire data in the Yangtze River Delta, we mainly investigated the residential fire loads in Zhejiang Province. In this survey, the residential fire loads were divided into 7 categories according to the characteristics of combustibles in the room. The measurements include mass method, single item method, size method and area method, etc. The survey data were analyzed by SPSS and residential fire loads were obtained as: 355.75MJ/m² for living room, 612.28MJ/m² for bedroom, 658.64MJ/m² for kitchen, 542.66MJ/m² for study and 219.64MJ/m² for bathroom. The statistical analysis shows that the distribution characteristics of residential fire loads are closely related to room use. The fire loads of bedroom and kitchen are basically normal distribution and other rooms are not obvious.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on a rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mastitis and its underlying molecular mechanisms. The rat model of mastitis was induced by inoculation of LPS through the canals of the mammary gland. The results showed that LPS-induced secretion of IL-1β and IL-8 significantly decreased after LLLT (650 nm, 2.5 mW, 30 mW/cm(2)). LLLT also inhibited intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression and attenuated the LPS-induced decrease of the expression of CD62L and increase of the expression of CD11b. Moreover, LLLT also suppressed LPS-induced polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) entering the alveoli of the mammary gland. The number of PMNs in the mammary alveolus and the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were decreased after LLLT. These results suggested that LLLT therapy is beneficial in decreasing the somatic cell count and improving milk nutritional quality in cows with an intramammary infection.