Jesús Antonio Fernández-Fernández

Introducción: El cáncer de mama constituye la neoplasia más frecuente entre las mujeres en España. Aunque la mastectomía es un procedimiento terapéutico fundamental en numerosos casos, puede ocasionar un importante impacto físico, emocional y social en las pacientes. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido identificar las intervenciones enfermeras más eficaces para mejorar la calidad de vida de las mujeres sometidas a mastectomía.Material y métodos: Revisión bibliográfica con metodología sistemática orientada en la guía actualizada de la declaración PRISMA. Se consultaron las bases de datos de Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, Pubmed, Dialnet y CINAHL. Se emplearon estudios (2019-2025) en español o inglés sobre intervenciones lideradas o ejecutadas de forma autónoma por profesionales de enfermería.Resultados: Se incluyeron 15 artículos que cumplían los criterios de inclusión establecidos. En el ámbito físico, destacaron los programas de rehabilitación liderados por enfermeras. Desde la perspectiva psicológica, la enfermera desempeña un papel fundamental en el acompañamiento de las pacientes y en la implementación de terapias grupales orientadas a proporcionar estrategias de apoyo emocional, favoreciendo así una recuperación más temprana. Asimismo, se subraya la importancia de fomentar el autocuidado y de convertir a las pacientes en agentes activos de su propio proceso de recuperación. La educación para el autocuidado constituye un pilar esencial, ya que incrementa el conocimiento sobre el procedimiento quirúrgico, la prevención de complicaciones y la adaptación a los cambios derivados de la mastectomía, promoviendo una mayor autonomía en el domicilio tras el alta hospitalaria.Conclusiones: Las intervenciones enfermeras basadas en una atención integral y un abordaje multidimensional son las más eficaces para optimizar la calidad de vida de las mujeres mastectomizadas. No obstante, es necesaria una mayor investigación sobre su impacto en la salud sexual, así como estudios con seguimiento a largo plazo.

Background: Tobacco consumption is considered one of the main risk factors in the development of non-communicable diseases such as respiratory, cardiovascular, or oncological diseases, among others. Nurses play an important role in identifying smokers and making them aware of the consequences of tobacco use, advising them on smoking cessation. Objective: The aim of this study was to carry out a comparative analysis of the level of smoking awareness among nursing students and professionals. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire, previously validated. This questionnaire was given to nursing students between March and June 2022 and to nursing professionals between January and March 2023. Results: The prevalence of tobacco use was found to be 14.5% among nursing students and 19.1% among nursing professionals. Regarding the level of awareness, professionals always obtained better results than students, with statistically significant differences when analysing the mean scores obtained in the questionnaires regarding awareness of the effects of tobacco consumption in active smokers (8.72 vs 8.07; p< 0.001) and of the pathologies that could manifest in passive smokers (5.49 vs 5.27; p=0.008). Conclusion: The results of the analysis show that professionals seem to be better educated and to use tobacco more than students. The awareness that professionals have about the different consequences of active and/or passive smoking does not lead to a decrease in the prevalence of smoking, probably because the number of years they have been using cigarettes is much higher than that of students. Similarly, proving an acceptable level of awareness does not result in professionals promoting smoking cessation programmes.

Background: Postoperative delirium is a neurobehavioral disorder that can appear after surgery. It is characterized by an altered level of consciousness and impaired cognitive function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of visual projection of images of relatives or loved ones in patients undergoing cardiac surgery in the immediate postoperative period, and its influence on the incidence and development of postoperative delirium. Methods: A randomized, double-blind clinical trial was designed in the immediate postoperative period of adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Consolidated Statement of Reporting Trials guidelines were followed. A control group (CG) and an intervention group (IG) were established. In the IG, the patients underwent a visual projection, while the usual unit treatment was carried out with the CG. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, anesthetic, and surgical variables were also recorded. The postoperative delirium assessment scale used was the confusion assessment method for diagnosing delirium in intensive care unit patients. Results: Information was collected from 104 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Most of the patients included in the study were men (66.35%) and the most performed surgical intervention was aortic valve replacement (34.62%). In the CG, positive patients in postoperative delirium increased from 19.23% to 25%, while in the IG they decreased from 5.77% to 1.92%. The logistic regression analysis presents a prediction model where the variables that influence the model are gender and group membership, meaning that being female and belonging to the IG significantly reduce the presence of delirium. Conclusion: The projection of visual material reduced the incidence of postoperative delirium in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, although it cannot be established that it is effective as a treatment once the pathology is already established.

Smoking causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, mainly in developed countries. In addition, it is the cause of numerous diseases in the body, despite the fact that the prevalence of tobacco use is decreasing. Nursing students, as future professionals, should be aware of action plans for cessation and information designed for smokers. To determine the level of knowledge among nursing students about smoking-related diseases and analyze the prevalence of student who smoke at the University of Leon, Spain, a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in which students were given an anonymous questionnaire, which was previously validated, during the 2021–2022 academic year. In a sample of 477 (79.5%) nursing students, a smoking prevalence of 17.6% was obtained. In addition, students’ knowledge about the diseases directly caused by tobacco consumption and others associated with exposure to environmental smoke was assessed, and in both cases (8.03 points of 9 for consumption and 5.24 of 6 to exposure), scores were obtained that allow us to state that students do not know for sure the types of diseases that are related to tobacco use and passive smoking. In spite of this, it is necessary to continue to reduce the prevalence of smoking through different programs implemented in schools and universities, as it is also necessary to improve teaching plans when explaining smoking-related diseases, so that students, in the future, will be able to advise patients correctly.

La evaluación de la actividad de los investigadores, de sus publicaciones y de las revistas donde se publican dichos trabajos, es un proceso continuo y necesario para poder valorar la calidad y el impacto de los mismos. Estas revistas están indexadas en diferentes bases de datos, siendo la Web Of Science una de las más importantes, junto con Scopus, debido a la cantidad de información que tiene recogida y a los rigurosos criterios que deben cumplir las revistas para ser incluidas en ella. Una nueva herramienta de esta base de datos es el Emerging Sources Citation Index, que contiene revistas que o bien están en proceso de evaluación, o bien son revistas que presentan una calidad científica acreditada en su disciplina, pero que nunca llegarán a integrarse en la Web of Science ya que su área de conocimiento es limitada y previsiblemente nunca llegaran a tener un factor de impacto suficientemente alto. El estar incluido en este recurso, como lo está ROL Revista de Enfermería, tiene un gran valor para las revistas y para los autores que publican sus trabajos en ellas ya que supone un mérito valorado en la mayoría de los procesos de evaluación de los investigadores, como por ejemplo en la Agencia Nacional de Evaluación de la Calidad y Acreditación (ANECA). PALABRAS CLAVE: autoría en la publicación científica, bases de datos bibliográficas, factor de impacto de revistas, investigación biomédica, investigación en enfermería SUMMARY The evaluation of the activity of researchers, their publications and the journals where these works are published, is a continuous and necessary process to assess their quality and impact. These journals are indexed in different databases, being Web Of Science one of the most important, together with Scopus, due to the amount of information it has collected and the rigorous criteria that journals must meet to be included in it. A new tool of this database is the Emerging Sources Citation Index, which contains journals that are either in the process of evaluation, or are journals that have a proven scientific quality in their discipline, but that will never be included in the Web of Science because their area of knowledge is limited and they will probably never have a sufficiently high impact factor. Being included in this resource, as ROL Revista de Enfermería is, has a great value for the journals and for the authors who publish their work in them, since it is a merit valued in most of the evaluation processes of researchers, such as the National Agency for Quality Assessment and Accreditation (ANECA). KEYWORDS: authorship in scientific publications, databases, bibliographic, journal impact factor, biomedical research, nursing research

Antecedentes: La pandemia de COVID-19 ha alterado considerablemente los procedimientos habituales de los sistemas sanitarios en todo el mundo. El trabajo diario se ha vuelto física y emocionalmente agotador para los profesionales sanitarios, obligados a afrontar y adaptarse a nuevos retos y situaciones estresantes. Esta situación pesa sobre la práctica diaria de enfermería.Objetivo: El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la percepción del paciente sobre los cuidados de enfermería humanizados recibidos durante su estancia hospitalaria.Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo, transversal, en el que se realizaron entrevistas telefónicas a 357 personas >18 años que ingresaron durante más de 24 horas en el Hospital de León con el fin de evaluar la percepción del paciente. Uno de los instrumentos utilizados fue la Escala de Percepción de Conductas del Cuidado de Enfermería Humanizado (PCHE), para evaluar en tres dimensiones (D): cualidades de la práctica de enfermería (D1), apertura a la comunicación enfermera-paciente (D2) y disposición al cuidado (D3). El otro instrumento utilizado fue una encuesta de satisfacción institucional para conocer la opinión sobre la calidad de la atención al cliente en el área de hospitalización.Resultados: El porcentaje de pacientes que puntuaron como “siempre” cada dimensión fue: D1 = 91,2%; D2 = 81,4%; y D3 = 87,8%. La satisfacción del paciente obtuvo una puntuación media de 4,6 sobre 5. Conclusión: A pesar del impacto negativo del COVID-19 en el sistema de salud, los pacientes percibieron la atención de enfermería humanizada recibida como muy satisfactoria. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has heavily altered regular procedures of healthcare systems worldwide. Daily work has become physically and emotionally exhausting for health care professionals, forced to face and adapt to new challenges and stressful situations. This situation weighs on the daily nursing practice and might have an impact on the quality of care provided and on the level of satisfaction perceived by hospitalized patients. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the patient’s perception of humanized nursing care received during their hospital stay. Methods: A descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional study was carried out, in which telephone interviews were conducted in 357 people >18 years of age who were admitted for more than 24 hours to the Hospital de León in order to asses patient´s perception. One instrument used was The Perception of Behaviors of Humanized Nursing Care Scale (PCHE), to evaluate in three dimensions (D): qualities of nursing practice (D1), openness to nurse–patient communication (D2), and willingness to care (D3). In addition, an institutional satisfaction survey was performed to know the opinion on the quality of customer service in hospitalization area. Results: The percentage of patients scoring as “always” every dimension was: D1 = 91.2%; D2= 81.4%; and D3= 87.8%. Patient satisfaction obtained a mean score of 4.6 out of 5. 42.3% of population were men and 57.7% were women, most in the age range 61–75 years. The predominant marital status and educational level were married and basic–medium, respectively. Conclusion: Despite the negative impact of COVID-19 in the health care system, patients perceived humanized nursing care received as very successful.

“Postoperative delirium” is defined as delirium occurring in the hospital up to one week after a procedure or before discharge (whichever occurs first) that meets the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. Objectives: To describe the risk factors related to this pathology and identify effective non-pharmacological forms of treatment. An integrative review of the available literature was performed. The search results considered included all quantitative studies published between 2011 and 2019 in both English and Spanish. A total of 117 studies were selected. Advanced age was identified as the principal risk factor for postoperative delirium. Nursing interventions appear to be the key to preventing or reducing the seriousness of delirium after an anaesthetic episode. The aetiology of postoperative delirium remains unknown, and no treatment exists to eliminate this pathology. The role of nursing staff is fundamental in the prevention, diagnosis, and management of the pathology.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a primary, progressive, neurodegenerative disorder. Many risk factors for the development of AD have been investigated, including nutrition. Although it has been proven that nutrition plays a role in AD, the precise mechanisms through which nutrition exerts its influence remain undefined. The object of this study is to address this issue by elucidating some of the mechanisms through which nutrition interacts with AD. This work is a qualitative systematic bibliographic review of the current literature searchable on various available databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Our evidence comprises 31 articles selected after a systematic search process. Patients suffering with AD present a characteristic microbiome that promotes changes in microglia generating a proinflammatory state. Many similarities exist between AD and prion diseases, both in terms of symptoms and in the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis. Changes in the composition of the gut microbiome due to dietary habits could be one of the environmental factors affecting the development of AD; however, this is probably not the only factor. Similarly, the mechanism for self-propagation of beta-amyloid seen in AD is similar to that seen in prions.