Thirumal Margesan

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a significant advancement in the study of biological nanocarriers, facilitating intercellular communication by transferring proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Although there has been considerable research into mammalian-derived EVs, the exploration of marine-derived EVs is relatively limited, despite their significant potential as bioinspired biomaterials. The marine environment, characterized by extreme physicochemical conditions and significant biodiversity, produces EVs that exhibit distinctive molecular cargo, improved structural stability, and adaptive functional properties. This review presents an in-depth look of marine-derived EVs from a biomaterial’s perspective, emphasizing their biological origins, physicochemical properties, methods for isolation and purification, and advanced characterization techniques. Moreover, the mechanistic functions of marine EVs in skin regeneration are clarified, highlighting preclinical evidence supporting the application of these treatments for wound healing, inflammatory skin disorders, photoaging, pigmentation abnormalities, and skin cancer therapy. Despite the potential for favourable results, obstacles concerning large-scale production, standardization, and the translation of regulatory frameworks persist. This review highlights marine-derived EVs as a novel category of functional biomaterials, demonstrating considerable potential for advancing skin regenerative and dermatological applications in future research.

This study explores the therapeutic potential of Abrus precatorius leaves in arthritis treatment using computational methods and LC-MS analysis. The plant material was taxonomically authenticated, and phytochemical analysis identified bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and triterpenoids. Swiss ADME analysis confirmed that multiple compounds complied with Lipinski's Rule of Five, while OSIRIS software indicated minimal toxicity. PASS analysis predicted anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Molecular docking simulations of Abrine with key rheumatoid arthritis (RA) targets revealed strong binding affinities, suggesting potential mechanisms for RA treatment. This research highlights the medicinal potential of Abrus precatorius leaves and emphasizes the importance of computational tools in understanding their pharmacological properties for arthritis management.

To evaluate the anti-diabetic properties of a polyherbal formulation consisting of Curcuma longa, Emblica officinalis, and Trigonella foenum-graecum through in-vitro assays, and investigate its synergistic effects on glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and insulin function. The polyherbal extract was prepared using methanol, water, and methanol-water as solvents. In-vitro antioxidant (DPPH, Phosphomolybdenum) and anti-diabetic (α-amylase, α-glucosidase inhibition, yeast glucose uptake, and inhibitory glucose diffusion) assays were conducted. L6 rat skeletal muscle cells were used for MTT assay and glucose uptake. The methanol extract showed the highest antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities compared to aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts. The IC₅₀ values in DPPH and α-amylase inhibition assays were close to standard drugs, while the MTT assay demonstrated moderate cytotoxicity, confirming the extract's safety. Glucose uptake increased significantly, particularly in L6 cells treated with the methanolic extract. The polyherbal formulation exhibited potent anti-diabetic properties, particularly the methanolic extract, showing significant glucose regulation and insulin function improvement. This formulation holds promise as a natural treatment for diabetes.

The primary goal of this study was to isolate and characterize the bioactive compounds present in the M. lushingtonii Gamble leaves using ethanol as solvent for the extraction using Soxhlet apparatus for 8 h. Based on the chemical analysis, column chromatography using different solvents depending on polarity further isolated the components. Isolation of the extract was carried out using toluene and ethyl acetate solvents with varying concentrations and showed two single spots by TLC at the rentation time (Rt) of 0.66 and 0.72 for the solvent’s toluene and ethyl acetate (8:12 and 2:18), respectively. Various spectroscopy techniques (UV, NMR, IR, and MASS) were employed for the characterisation of the compounds and elucidation of their structures. The results confirmed the presence of alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, sterols and terpenoids. The spectroscopic analysis revealed the compounds were quercetin (Rf: 0.66) and luteolin (Rf: 0.72) which were both flavonoid group and contains five and four –OH groups, respectively in their basic structure (C6-C3-C6). The results demonstrated that the leaves of M. lushingtonii Gamble exhibited a higher concentration of polyphenolic chemicals, which contribute to the diverse therapeutic properties.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and joint damage, imposing a significant burden on affected individuals worldwide. Flavonoids, a class of natural compounds abundant in various plant-based foods, have shown promising anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, suggesting their potential as therapeutic agents for RA. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation of identified LCMS compounds utilizing network pharmacology, computational modeling, in silico approaches, and pharmacokinetic assessment to evaluate the efficacy of flavonoids in RA treatment. The study identified 5 flavonoid structures with common targets via LCMS and Integration of network pharmacology approaches enabled a comprehensive evaluation of the pharmacological profile of flavonoids in the context of RA treatment, guiding the selection of promising candidates for further experimental validation and clinical development. The top 10 targets were AKT1, PI3KR1, CDK2, EGFR, CDK6, NOS2, FLT3, ALOX5, CCNB1, and PTPRS via PPI network. The investigation emphasized several pathways, including the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, the PI3K-AKT signaling network, and the Rap 1 signaling pathway. In silico studies estimated binding affinities that ranged from − 7.0 to − 10.0 kcal/mol. Schaftoside and Vitexin showed no toxicity in computational approach and found suitable for further investigations. Overall, our study underscores the potential of flavonoids as therapeutic agents for RA and highlights the utility of integrative approaches combining network pharmacology, computational modeling, in silico methods, and pharmacokinetic assessment in drug discovery and development processes.

Aim: The aim of this research is to investigate the potential of glucomoringin, derived from Moringa oleifera, as a therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease through in silico analysis. Materials &... Plain language summary Alzheimer's disease is a severe brain condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It impairs memory and thinking and there is no cure yet. Researchers are looking in...

Aim: This study endeavors to explore the anti-arthritic effects of macerated oil derived from the plant's aerial parts. Methods: The macerated oil was prepared using maceration in coconut oil, and its phytochemical composition was elucidated using GC-MS. To assess its anti-arthritic activity, in-vitro studies were conducted using various assays. Results & conclusion: The macerated oil showed better antioxidant and anti-arthritic potential by in-vitro investigations. Molecular docking studies elucidated potential binding interactions between specific constituents of the oil and critical molecular targets implicated in the pathogenesis of arthritis, further substantiating its therapeutic potential. The results demonstrated that Abrus precatorius macerated oil could ameliorate arthritis severity in a dose-dependent manner.