Celia Aradillas-García

Background/Objectives: Mexicans are disproportionately affected by dyslipidemia, specifically low high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and high triglyceride (TG) concentrations. Research on the genetic contributions to dyslipidemia, conducted primarily among European populations, has identified numerous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with small effect sizes and low replication rates. A genetic risk score (GRS) can examine the cumulative effects of multiple SNPs and potentially explain greater phenotypic variability than individual SNPs. GRS in Mexican populations and those without diagnosed dyslipidemia are limited. This study aims to construct a GRS from lipid metabolism-related SNPs and determine its associations with blood lipid concentrations in young Mexican college students. Methods: Adults (ages 18–25 years, n = 580) provided a fasting blood sample to determine TG and HDL-C concentrations. DNA was genotyped for 14 SNPs in lipid metabolism pathways (reverse cholesterol transport [RCT], cellular lipid uptake, and lipoprotein formation and transport). Additive (number of risk alleles) and weighted (regression-derived β coefficients) GRS were calculated for individual pathways, and their sum (total GRS) was explored. Associations among individual SNPs, GRS, and blood lipids were determined through general linear models in SAS. Results: The additive RCT and total GRS were associated with TG (both p < 0.05). The RCT pathway explained 3.4% of the variability in TG concentrations, and the total GRS explained 6.1%. The weighted RCT GRS was associated with HDL-C (p = 0.007). The ATP-binding cassette protein (ABCA1) rs9282541 variant was most strongly associated with HDL-C (p = 0.016). When this SNP was removed from the GRS, the association became non-significant. Conclusions: SNPs in lipoprotein metabolism pathways cumulatively associate with blood lipid concentrations in young Mexican adults. The ABCA1-rs9282541 variant, previously shown to be positively associated with low HDL-C concentrations in Amerindian populations, had the strongest association with HDL-C. Further work is needed to elucidate the roles of genetic admixture and lifestyle risk factors in dyslipidemia in this population.

Aim: To evaluate the dietary profile and concentrations of soluble receptors for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) in overweight or obese individuals with periodontitis. Methods: Ninety‐eight adults aged 18–59 years were classified into four groups: Normal weight no periodontitis ( n = 27), normal weight with periodontitis ( n = 21), overweight/obesity no periodontitis ( n = 26) and overweight/obesity with periodontitis ( n = 24). Dietary, clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical data were collected. sRAGE and IL‐6 concentrations were measured in serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) using ELISA. Results: Overweight/obesity and periodontitis group showed reduced serum sRAGE concentrations 979 [770–1193] pg/mL and elevated GCF IL‐6 levels 11.4 [10.0–13.3] pg/mL ( p < 0.05). Serum sRAGE and GCF IL‐6 showed significant correlations with periodontal parameters, including probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, and number of diseased teeth ( r = 0.40; p < 0.001). Despite higher total nutrient intake, overweight/obesity with periodontitis group had the highest energy intake and the highest prevalence of inadequate intake for protein (79%), calcium (92%), vitamin B5 (83%), and cholesterol (83%). Conclusions: Obesity and periodontitis were associated with lower serum sRAGE, higher GCF IL‐6, and more frequent dietary inadequacies, suggesting a potential link between nutritional status, inflammatory biomarkers, and periodontal health.

Introducción. La hiperglucemia e hiperlipidemia contribuyen a la formación endógena de productos finales de glicación avanzada (AGEs), y la dieta constituye parte de las fuentes exógenas. La unión de AGEs al receptor de los productos finales de glicación (RAGE), induce vías de señalización que culminan en la activación de factores de transcripción que promueven la expresión de marcadores inflamatorios y de estrés oxidativo. Los niveles de RAGE soluble (sRAGE) han sido propuestos como biomarcador en enfermedades que cursan con un proceso inflamatorio. Diversos estudios describen el papel de RAGE en la obesidad, por lo que se ha discutido si existe un patrón diferencial entre niños con normo peso y obesidad.Objetivo. Describir la relación entre RAGE, sus isoformas, ligandos, funciones biológicas, y las comorbilidades relacionadas con la obesidad infantil. Determinar si los niveles disminuidos de sRAGE representan un biomarcador de la obesidad infantil con base en los resultados de estudios clínicos, observacionales y transversales.Metodología. Revisión descriptiva de estudios publicados en el periodo del año 2016 al 2022 en las bases de datos PubMed y Google Académico empleando los términos “AGEs”, “RAGE”, “sRAGE”, y “obesidad infantil”. Resultados y conclusiones. Fueron consultados un total de 141 artículos relacionados con las palabras clave. El criterio de eliminación consistió en referencias publicadas antes del 2015, con excepción de las referencias clásicas. Se revisaron 63 artículos de 2016 a 2022, 6 representan estudios transversales sobre los niveles de sRAGE en población pediátrica, encontrando diferencias en la expresión de RAGE de acuerdo con el estado nutricional.

Background: Visceral adiposity index (VAI) has been identified as a cardiometabolic risk marker in children and adolescents which reflects abdominal fat distribution. The aim of the present study was to evaluated the predictive capacity of VAI, a body shape index (ABSI), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), and triglycerides and glucose index (TyG index) compared with classical anthropometric measurements to discriminate metabolic syndrome (MetS).Methods: This retrospective study included 1372 individuals. Anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical measurements were used to screen the prevalence of MetS components and to calculate VAI, ABSI, TyG index, and AIP.Results: The discriminatory capacity among the variables was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). VAI was the variable with the highest AUC with 0.932 CI 95% (0.917–0.948), followed by AIP with 0.914 CI 95% (0.897–0.931), and TyG index with 0.889 CI 95% (0.871–0.908).Conclusion: VAI is a promising tool to identify MetS in the late adolescence setting. Among the novel adiposity indexes VAI, AIP, TyG index are able to determine MetS presence, while ABSI is not capable.

Aim of the study. The objective of this investigation is to evaluate nutritional indicators, lipidic profile, and blood pressure in the pediatric population that live in low and high marginalisation zones in Mexico. Methods. In a cross-sectional analytical study, students 6 to 18 years old in low and high marginalisation areas of Mexico were selected. Participants were asked to take surveys related to anthropometrics, biochemical, arterial pressure, and evaluation of healthy nutrition index. Results. Less than 1% of the participants had a “healthy nutrition” for both areas. The joint prevalence of overweight and obesity was 40%. The combined prevalence of elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure was almost 40%, a huge percentage of systolic blood pressure (32%) was observed as well. Half of the population had high levels of triglycerides. Marginalisation was inversely associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure and positively associated with HDL-C. The population has a low consumption of fruits and vegetables together with high consumption of beverages containing sugar and sweets. It is evident in all the indicators that a significant percentage of subjects exceed the clinical cut-off values related to risk regardless of marginalisation level. Conclusions. It is necessary to insist on educational intervention to create a conscience in observing healthy nutrition at an early age and to preserve these healthy habits during adolescence. The inclusión of the measurement of clinical indicators like arterial pressure and the evaluation of biochemical indicators that assess cardiovascular risks in the public policies of pediatric health is necessary.

Introducción: La Organización Mundial de la Salud estima que los trastornos mentales son la primera causa de discapacidad y la segunda de enfermedad en el mundo para personas entre 15-44 años. Objetivo: Fue observar los valores de autoestima, depresión, y ansiedad antes, y después de una intervención con consejería. Material y Método: Estudio longitudinal, descriptivo y observacional. Completaron el estudio 12 trabajadores de una empresa de la ciudad de San Luis Potosí, se les aplicaron las pruebas psicológicas, Rosemberg, CESD, y STAI antes y después de la intervención de consejería con de un mínimo de 8 sesiones durante un periodo de 10 meses. Resultados: Después de la intervención de consejería, se observaron un aumento significativo en la autoestima, y una disminución moderada de los síntomas de depresión y ansiedad, aunque sin significancia estadística. Conclusiones: Es posible que el buen resultado con autoestima este coadyuvado por la percepción de los trabajadores de ser gratificados al participar en el estudio. La no significancia en depresión y ansiedad, pueden ser debidas al pequeño tamaño de la muestra ya que se puede observar disminución en los síntomas para estas variables.

Introducción: El nivel socioeconómico es un determinante de la probabilidad de exponerse a riesgos para la salud. Su relación con enfermedades no comunicables en países de ingreso mediano-bajo es poco conocida. Junto con el índice de marginación, se relacionan con la letalidad de la COVID-19. Nuestro objetivo fue conocer sí, el índice de marginación y nivel socioeconómico están asociados con factores de riesgo de enfermedades no comunicables.Metodología: Estudio analítico transversal, 409 participantes de 10 a 20 años de edad de zonas con alta y muy baja marginación. Se midió peso, talla, presión arterial, glucosa y perfil lipídico. Además, se aplicó el cuestionario AMAI. Resultados: Resistencia a insulina, presión arterial sistólica elevada y sobrepeso/obesidad fueron las variables con mayor prevalencia. Se encontraron diferencias entre factores de riesgo, nivel socioeconómico e índice de marginación. A mayor nivel socioeconómico mayores cifras de glucosa, y a mayor marginación mejor perfil lipídico y menores cifras de glucosa.Conclusiones: Hay una elevada prevalencia de estos factores de riesgo resaltando la necesidad de intervenciones para su monitoreo y manejo. Poblaciones más vulnerables tiene mejores condiciones de salud comparado poblaciones de mejor nivel socioeconómico, resultados consistentes con diferentes estudios en los países de ingreso mediano y bajo.

Background: prediabetes is a state observed before type-2 diabetes. Nowadays the obesity epidemic could be due to a rise in the incidence of prediabetes. Mexico has public policies for the management of non-communicable diseases. However, obesity rates continue to increase. The aim of this study was to elaborate on a diagnosis of prediabetes in the pediatric Mexican population, and compare the proportions of comorbidities that children with and without prediabetes had. Methods: a cross-sectional study was performed with 569 participants of 4 to 19 years of age from public schools. Anthropometric (weight, height, and waist circumference), clinical (blood pressure), and biochemical (fasting glucose, lipidic profile, and uric acid) variables were collected. Results: in all, 8.6 % of the population had prediabetes. Variables with the highest altered prevalence included triglycerides and systolic blood pressure. Boys had higher rates of prediabetes, altered BP, and hyperuricemia than girls. Children with prediabetes had a greater risk of elevated waist circumference, blood pressure, and uric acid measures. Conclusions: the Mexican pediatric population had elevated rates of prediabetes. Furthermore, the group with prediabetes had a higher risk of presenting high values of triglycerides, blood pressure, uric acid, and total cholesterol.