Samsul Bakri

Urban forest management is crucial for urban development, significantly contributing to environmental, economic, and social well-being. Dolok Sanggul District, in Humbang Hasundutan Regency, offers a unique context for examining technical and sociocultural aspects of urban forest management. This research aims to analyze these aspects' influence on urban forest management in Dolok Sanggul District using a quantitative research method and multiple regression analysis. The study's results indicate that both technical and sociocultural aspects significantly impact urban forest management. Technical aspects, such as law and regulation regarding forestry, account for 51.0% of the influence. Sociocultural aspects, including community opinions on community awareness and participation, education and the social environment, as well as community interaction, contribute 55.2%. Combined, these aspects exert a synergistic effect, with a total influence of 63.4% on urban forest management. These findings underscore the importance of integrating technical and sociocultural considerations to develop effective urban forest management strategies. By leveraging the strengths of both aspects, policymakers and urban planners can create sustainable and resilient urban forests that benefit the community and environment. Additionally, this research highlights the need for a holistic approach that values community input and technical expertise, ensuring balanced and sustainable urban development. This study provides a foundation for future research and practical applications, emphasizing the critical role of comprehensive planning and community engagement in urban forest management.

The Way Pengubuan Watershed is a tributary of the Way Seputih watershed which is administratively located in Central Lampung Regency, Lampung Province, Indonesia. Land cover changes are closely related to the hydrological characteristics of the Way Pengubuan Sub-watershed area. This study aims to determine the impact of land cover change on surface runoff coefficient and water discharge in the Way Pengubuan sub-watershed area, Indonesia. Data was collected in the form of rainfall data, river discharge data, and water level data. Land cover data were identified through the interpretation of Landsat 5.7 and 8 imagery in 2014-2017, and its contribution to surface flow coefficient was analyzed using multiple linear regression models. The results also show that the total rainfall [RAIN] has decreased from 2,921 mm/year to 2,525 mm/year. Likewise, the river discharge [DISC] which in 2014 amounted to 262.29 m³/s to 238.70 m³/s in 2017. However, it is proportional to the surface flow coefficient value which has increased from 0.031 to 0.032. For land cover in the Way Pengubuan Sub-watershed area, it is still dominated by agricultural areas which have an area of over 50% each year, compared to forest area [FRST] which are only <1% of the total area of the Way Pengubuan Sub-watershed throughout the year. By employing series data of annually rain fall, % forest cover, % shrub, and % plantation, therefore, the annual river discharge can be express : [DISC]= 75.0+0.062 [RAIN]+0.0713 [FRST] – 0.00203 [SHRB]+0.000725 [PLTN] with R.Sq (adj)= 92.5%.

Ecotourism development is a strategic program in the service product sector due to its multiplier effect on community income as was as its sustainability of natural resource conservation such as a protected forest. But on the other hand, the sector is very sensitive to serving performance that is mainly influenced by community perception live surrounding the locus ecotourism destination object. The purpose of this study is to determine the community’s perception of the development of nature tourism in the Pesawaran protected forest area. Research respondents are people who live around the tourist sites and get the direct impact of this development. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and literature study which were then analyzed descriptively based on the existence, quality, facilities, accessibility, and management and development of tourism objects. The results showed that the community strongly supports the development of natural tourism. However, so far development is still being carried out by the initiator so that in the future the surrounding community is expected to be able to respond actively. Supporting and facilitating from the Government are also needed to increase the number of tourist visits to these locations.

Maintaining visits can be an effective strategy for developing the tourism sector. The visitors will be word-of-mouth promoters for their relatives in their home countries who will likely be interesting to visit as well. This needs to be done by the South Lampung Regional Government to make plans to increase tourist visits, especially before the COVID-19-19 pandemic subsides. This study aims to develop a model for predicting the motives of revisit intention on several tourism objects in South Lampung based on: 1) visitor sociodemographic; and 2) accompanied by regional service performance strategies to increase revisit intention. The research was conducted in August-October 2020 on several tourist objects in South Lampung by conducting a field survey and the results were analyzed by regression modeling. Based on the model test, shows 1) the variables that affect revisit intention, namely gender, tourist domicile, ticket prices for tourist objects, tourist attraction facilities, and hospitality of service providers so; 2) to increase revisit intention, which is the key to the success tourism, tourism service providers and local governments need to improve services in the performance especially on hospitality services provider by conducting various training and counseling.

This study aims to examine the factors that influence tourists' decisions to revisit ecotourism destinations in Lampung province. The factors under investigation include the attractiveness of tourism, quality of service, information sources, and visitor satisfaction. The research employs a quantitative approach, utilizing a questionnaire that was distributed to 153 tourists who had previously visited a marine ecotourism destination. The Structural Equation Model (SEM) was then applied using Smart-PLS 4.0.8.6 to analyze the data. The results show that quality of service, hospitality, and social capital have a significant direct impact on visitor satisfaction, as well as on tourists' intentions to return and recommendations for the destination. There is also a significant indirect effect of these variables on the recommendation of tourism through visitor satisfaction and intention to return.

Ecotourism is expected to revive in the post COVID-19 pandemic, as currently the lowland conservation area with the highest biodiversity in the world is Way Kambas National Park, Lampung province, Indonesia. Attractiveness is the main variable as the basis for planning the restoration of tourist visit performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the country of origin variable and demographics of respondents in the attractiveness of ecotourism objects in WKNP. As a result, from May 2022 to August 2022, a 15-minute video about the exoticism of WKNP had been uploaded on the https://research-mil.unila.ac.id/ site. At the end of the video, a questionnaire is presented in Indonesian, English, French, Korean, Japanese, Chinese, and Arabic. The Ordinal Logistic Regression Postulate is used at the 95% confidence level. There are three levels of response variables that score 0, 1, and 2 to express not interested, interested, and very interested in visiting WKNP, respectively. The predictor variable is the respondent’s characteristics, which include the respondent’s origin, age, gender, number of dependents, income, and professional group. Optimization of model parameters and hypothesis testing were carried out at a 95% significance level using Minitab 19 software. The results showed that the attractiveness of visiting was influenced by: (a) country of origin, 33.09 times more foreign respondents compared to domestic ones with P = 0.037; (b) those who are 1 year older have a higher attractiveness, namely 1.06 times; and (c) whose professions as teachers, civil servants, and professional workers are lower, namely only 0.08 times, 0.09 times, and 0.14 times compared to housewives or students. The policy implications for redeveloping plans to improve tourist interest in visiting WKNP need to be focused on prospective tourists from abroad, with the main target being professions other than civil service employees. Keywords: demographic, overseas, post-pandemic, and logistic ordinal regression

A rise in tourism activities, including the marine ecotourism object of Pahawang Island, Lampung Bay, Indonesia, was observed once the COVID-19 pandemic started reducing This research aimed to determine the influence of the characters of potential tourists to Pahawang Island, conducted from May to August 2022; and therefore make a prediction model of their interest as a basis for management and planning for this island. This study applies ordinal logistic regression modeling using Minitab 18 software at a 95% confidence level. The three levels of the response variable scored 0, 1, and 2 to express the tourists’ interest to visit Pahawang Island. Predictor variables are respondent characteristics, consisting of the respondent’s origin, age, gender, number of dependents, income, and professional group. Data was collected using Google Forms (in English, French, Japanese, Korean, and Arabic) to show response variables and predictor variables. Results of the research showed that: (1) interest in visiting Pahawang Island was influenced by (a) country origin, with very few visitors being foreigners, with P = 0.037; (b) those who were 1 year older had an interest rate higher than 1.07; and (c) those whose professions were civil servants had lower interest, compared to housewives/students, while other professions were not significantly different; and (2) the ratio between those who were interested and the ones not interested in visiting can be modeled robustly (goodness and fit) using 9 variables of respondent characteristics as evidenced by the results of the Statistical Test G = 38.726; DF = 9; P−value = 0.037. This finding is very useful for management planning and developing interest in ecotourism at Pahawang Island after the COVID-19 pandemic. Keywords: tourism management, ecotourism, post-COVID-19 pandemic, ordinal logistics regression, tourist characteristic

Background: Nowadays, pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is still a major global cause of death. Indonesia is a country with a high burden of the disease and is ranked second as a contributor to tuberculosis in the world after India, China, the Philippines, and Pakistan [1] along with the phenomenon of deforestation [2] and global warming [3]. Forest restoration and reforestation are considered costeffective nature-based solutions for climate change adaptation and mitigation to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, provide habitat for species and balance temperatures. Methods: There is no research data on the contribution of the economic value of reforestation to reduce the incidence rate of infectious diseases especially for TB, which is very important for mitigating against the global warming. This research was conducted to determine the economic value of ecosystem services as compensation for the reforestation program. This research was carried out in Lampung Province from April to October 2021, using Landsat imagery series 2009, 2012, 2015, 2018, and 2019 to detect forest cover. Results: The study’s findings show that every 2ºC increase in temperature increases the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis by 1.5 per 10,000 population, or 3,770 cases cover class that has a significant effect on the incidence of pulmonary TB is temperature, state forests, community forests, bare land, and rice fields.

The Way Kuripan River is an important water resource in Bandar Lampung City. However, its quality deteriorates continuously due to land use change accompanied by housing expansion and open areas. This study aims at analyzing its water quality and pollution level based on the present land-use zoning. Three zones are determined based on the dominant land use covering the riverbank sides. Water sampling was carried out at nine settling points (3 samples per zone) to measure the level of BOD5, COD, TSS, Escherichia coli contends, and also Pollution Index (PI), as well as the Biodegradable Index (BI). The results showed that the water has been experiencing pollution for grade-C river overall data. However, based on the zoning, all of the parameters of the upstream sides are below quality standard (QS), while at the middle stream, the BOD5 has exceeded QS (21.9-26.4 mg/L), whereas at the downstream, the parameters of BOD5, COD, and Escherichia coli have exceeded from the QS. The PI and BI values indicated moderately polluted downstream, with the average biodegradable. For this reason, paying attention to land use change is important to assess the level of river pollution. The study results also found that organic matter from domestic is the primary pollutant of the river. Therefore controlling the upstream in accordance with regional spatial planning regulations and followed by a conservation movement as well as change people’s behavior to be more caring about environmental management for catchment areas are the urgent actions for restoring and improving the river water quality.