Qifa Sun

Excessive heavy metals in soil pose ecological and health risks. In order to prevent pollutants from harming human health, Gengzhen Town, Wutai County, China, was selected as the research area. The health risk assessment model (BHRA), potential ecological hazard index (RI), and land accumulation index (Igeo) were used to evaluate the pollution and risk of heavy metals in the soil of the research area. The assessment shows that there is slight pollution of heavy metals in the soil of Gengzhen Town, with the main influencing elements being Cd, Cr, As, Ni, and Pb; the ecological risk is mild, ranging from 69.56 to 120.49; Cr, As, and Pb pose significant non-carcinogenic health threats to children; the As element poses a carcinogenic risk to both adults and children, while the Cd element poses a carcinogenic risk only to children; The average carcinogenic risk index is between 10-6 and 10-4, which meets China’s soil health standards. It is necessary to raise awareness and draw attention. The evaluation of health risks related to heavy metals in soil is beneficial for people to reasonably prevent risks and scientifically utilize land, playing a wide-ranging guiding role.

The issue of heavy metals in farmland soil has long been a concern for various sectors, and scientifically revealing the spatial differentiation characteristics, influencing factors, and health risks of heavy metals has become an important component of farmland quality management under the new normal. Taking the surface soil of cultivated land in Gonghe Town as the research object, the current status of heavy metal pollution in soil was differentiated by the land accumulation index method (Igeo), the ecological risk coefficient of heavy metals in soil was determined by the potential ecological hazard index method (RI), and the health risk assessment model (BHRA) was used to determine the health risks of heavy metals to adults and children. The results showed that the soil in Gonghe Town has been polluted to varying degrees by heavy metals, with variability in heavy metal pollution. Heavy metal Cd poses slight, moderate, and strong ecological risks, with slight and moderate risks being the main ones. Heavy metals do not pose a carcinogenic health risk to adults and children, but the carcinogenic risk index for adults and children exceeds the soil remediation benchmark value of 10-6, as proposed by the US EPA. Heavy metal pollution poses a non-carcinogenic health risk to children. In response to the continuous accumulation of heavy metals in farmland soil, it is necessary to improve ideological awareness, scientifically and reasonably use land, and strengthen the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution.

In order to understand the pollution status of potentially toxic elements (Hg, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, As, and Cu) in the surface farmland soil of black soil in Northeast China and its impact on human health, Hailun City, a representative area of black soil in Northeast China, was selected as the study area. The pollution degree, ecological risk, and health risk of soil and potentially toxic elements in this area were evaluated by the index of geoaccumulation method (Igeo), the potential ecological hazard index method (RI), and the health risk assessment model (HRA). The results showed that the average contents of eight potentially toxic elements in the soil in this area were higher than the soil background value in Hailun City, showing different degrees of accumulation. There are Cd and Hg pollution and ecological risks in the soil of Hailun City. Cd has slight, medium, strong, and extremely strong ecological risks, and the risk index ranges from 19.32 to 751.64; Hg takes second place. Children are more vulnerable to the health threat of potentially toxic elements, and oral intake is the main source of soil exposure risk. The potentially toxic elements As and Cr are more likely to cause human health risks.

To understand the status of soil heavy metal pollution and its impact on human health, the Rucun area of Wutai County, Xinzhou City, Shanxi Province, was selected as the research area. Using SPSS19 statistical software, the land accumulation index method, potential ecological hazard index method, and health risk assessment model were used to evaluate the degree of soil heavy metal pollution, ecological risk, and health risk in the area. The results indicate that the degree of heavy metal pollution in the soil of the study area is relatively low, and there are light pollution points for As and Pb; The degree of ecological risk is relatively low; As, Cr, and Pb elements pose a significant non carcinogenic health threat; As and Cd elements pose a risk of carcinogenesis; The average value of the total cancer risk index is between 10-6 a nd 10-4, which does not pose significant harm to the physical health of local residents. However, it exceeds the soil management benchmark value of 10-6 proposed by the US EPA, and prevention measures should be strengthened. The ecological risk and health risk assessment of heavy metals in soil quantitatively evaluates the risks of heavy metals in soil, which has a good guiding and exemplary role in risk prevention.

In order to identify and effectively control the impact of NO3− pollution on human health, on the basis of investigation, sampling, analysis and testing, statistical analysis software (SPSS19), groundwater pollution analysis software, Nemera comprehensive index method, correlation analysis method and human health risk assessment model are applied for analysis and research. The results indicate that the groundwater in the study area is mainly Class II water, with overall good water quality. The main influencing factors for producing Class IV are NO3−, Fe, F− and SO42−. The use of agricultural fertilizers is the main source of NO3− exceeding standards in groundwater in this area. There are significant differences in the health hazards caused by NO3− pollution in groundwater among different populations, and infants and young children are more susceptible to nitrate pollution. The division of pollution areas and high-risk groups plays an important guiding role in preventing health risks. The new achievements will help people improve their awareness of risk prevention, caring for the environment, respecting nature and implementing precise policies, promoting society to step onto the track of scientific and healthy development.

The central bank’s digital RMB pilot program is rapidly expanding across the country. In the era of the digital economy, digital RMB has great room for development. On the contrary, third-party online payment methods are under pressure from national policies, substitution of similar products, and social needs, leading to considerable uncertainty about their future direction. This article compares digital RMB with third-party payment platforms to analyze its unique advantages. We also collected questionnaire information filled out by groups of different generations to explore the audience groups of digital RMB and understand the attitudes of different groups towards using digital RMB for payment. The Baidu search index was used to explore the differences in the attention of different provinces to digital RMB, and the cumulative value of real estate investment was selected as the core independent variable to study its impact on digital RMB. Using the Baidu search index increasing search index chart in the main pilot areas, we analyze the reasons for its popularity trend. Finally, problems existing in the development of digital RMB are pointed out, and corresponding suggestions are provided. JEL Classification: B22 , D11 , E42 , E52 , E58

Nitrate pollution in groundwater is a global environmental problem that poses risks to human health. We investigate the health risks of nitrate in rural drinking groundwater in Rucun Township and surrounding areas of Wutai County, and provide a basis for healthy drinking water. By using statistical analysis software (SPSS19) and hydrogeochemical analysis software (AqQA), a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of nitrate health risks was conducted among populations of different ages and genders through water sample collection, chemical analysis, and construction of a human health risk model (HHRA). Through research, it was found that the average concentration of nitrate in the study area is 43.99 mg/L. Groundwater is severely polluted by NO3−, and nitrate pollution areas are mainly concentrated in the main human activity areas, especially in the main agricultural production areas. The Quaternary loess layer, as a permeable layer, cannot prevent groundwater from being polluted by NO3−. Through evaluation, it is believed that there is a health risk of nitrate pollution in rural drinking groundwater in Rucun Township and surrounding areas. Health risk level: infants>children>adult females>adult males. The discovery and evaluation results can provide a basis for the prevention and control of nitrate pollution in groundwater.

In order to investigate the health risks of NO3− in rural drinking groundwater in Suihua, China and provide a basis for healthy drinking water, 40 sets of groundwater samples were collected in the Suihua area, and the average concentration of nitrate in the study area was 71.66 mg/L, statistical analysis software (SPSS19), Hydrogeochemical Analysis Software (AqQA) and groundwater pollution analysis software were used. Through water sample collection, chemical analysis and construction of human health risk model (HHRA), a qualitative and quantitative assessment of NO3− health risk was carried out for people of different ages and sexes, and it was concluded that there was NO3− pollution health risk in rural drinking groundwater in Suihua. Health risk level: infants > children > adult females > adult males. The evaluation provides a scientific basis for the prevention and control of NO3− pollution in groundwater and new ideas for preventing human health risks.

In order to study the pollution, ecological risk and health risk of heavy metals and risk elements in the surface farmland of the cold black soil area in Northeast China, the main grain production area in China, based on the collection and analysis of samples in 2010 and 2021, the soil heavy metals and risk element in this area were assessed by using the method of Geo accumulation index (Igeo), potential ecological hazard index (RI) and health risk assessment (HRA) model. The results show that there are heavy metals and risk element pollution in the soil, which is accumulated year by year. The average contents of Hg, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, As and Cu in the soil in this area are higher than the background values of Qianjin town. The heavy metals and risk element in the black soil and farmland in the cold area are obviously affected by human activities. There are different degrees of regional variability, and the coefficient of variation of Hg is 79%; Some elements have ecological risk, and Hg and Cd are the main influencing elements of soil ecological risk in shallow farmland; Heavy metals and risk element have non-carcinogenic health risks to children. The carcinogenic risk index of adults and children exceeded the soil treatment benchmark value of 10-6 proposed by EPA, As is the element that contributes the most to non-carcinogenic health risk and carcinogenic health risk in adults and children. In view of the continuous accumulation of heavy metals and risk element in farmland soil, it is necessary to improve ideological understanding, improve laws and regulations, formulate norms and standards, develop methods and technologies, and scientifically prevent and control heavy metals and risk element pollution.

In order to understand the status of soil heavy metals and risk element pollution and its impact on human health, Datong area of Shanxi Province was selected as the study area. Using spss19 statistical software, the degree of soil heavy metals and risk element pollution, ecological risk and health risk were evaluated by using land accumulation index method, potential ecological hazard index method and health risk assessment model. The results showed that there were different degrees of pollution of heavy metals and risk element Pb, Cr, Zn, Cd, Ni, As, Hg and Cu in farmland soil in Datong area. The soil Pb pollution was the most serious. There were 8 light pollution points, 3 medium pollution points, 1 heavy~extremely heavy pollution point and 1 extremely heavy pollution point, accounting for 3.24%, 1.21%, 0.4% and 0.4% respectively. The distribution range of the total potential ecological index RI of heavy metals and risk element in farmland soil is 28.00~1851.01. There are slight, secondary, strong, very strong and extremely strong ecological risks, accounting for 97.57%, 1.21%, 0.4%, 0.4% and 0.4% respectively. The main risk factors are slight risks, and the influencing factors are Cd, Pb, Cu, Hg and As. Heavy metals and risk element in farmland soil have non-carcinogenic health risks for adults and children. Cr and As are the main non-carcinogenic factors in the soil of the study area; The average value of the total carcinogenic risk index is between 10-6 and 10-4, which will not cause great harm to the health of local residents.