Kaijian Teng

Three species of Phyllonorycter Hübner, 1822 feeding on Ulmaceae in northern China are treated herein, including two known species, P. pumilae (Ermolaev, 1981) feeding on Ulmus and P. ulmi (Kumata, 1963a) on Ulmus and Zelkova, and one new species P. bungeana Lu & Liu, sp. nov., from Beijing and Shandong, China, feeding on Celtis bungeana Blume, C. koraiensis Nakai, and C. sinensis Pers. Images of adults, genitalia, host plants, leaf mines, DNA barcodes and detailed distribution data are provided.

So far, only five species of the genus Lyonetia Hübner, 1825 have been recorded in China. In this paper, we describe two new species: L. (Lyonetiola) blasta T. Liu, sp. n., and L. (Lyonetiola) duplistriata T. Liu, sp. n., and report a newly recorded species, L. (Lyonetia) ledi Wocke, 1859 from China. Autumnal forms, manifesting darker forewings, of L. (Lyonetia) clerkella (Linnaeus, 1758) were collected from Xizang at an altitude of 3650 m in summer. The distribution and host plants of L. (Lyonetia) clerkella (Linnaeus, 1758) and L. (Lyonetia) prunifoliella (Hübner, 1796) in China are summarized. Photos of adults, male and female genitalia are provided. Host plants, leaf mines and DNA barcodes are also provided when available.

Until recently, only two species of Dactylotula Cockerell, 1888 have been known. Dactylotula kinkerella (Snellen, 1876), feeding on Calamagrostis arenaria (L.) Roth (Poaceae), is distributed in Europe and the Asian part of Russia, while D. altithermella (Walsingham, 1903) was only recorded in Europe with host plant unknown. Here, we report Dactylotula for the first time in China represented by a new leaf-mining species described herein as D. phragmitella, sp. n., feeding on Phragmites australis (Cav.) Steud. (Poaceae). Most of the specimens were collected in the Yellow River Delta. Photos of the adult, wing venation, male and female genitalia, host plant, leaf mines and parasitoid wasps of the new species are provided. Additionally, DNA barcodes of the new species are provided and discussed along sequences of the other two congeneric species.

The immature stages of primitive Lepidoptera can provide quite different but often useful morphological evidence and synapomorphies from those of adults. Incurvariidae is one of the most primitive lineages of extant Lepidoptera, which is species-poor but highly diverse, but half of the genera lack any information on immature stages. New knowledge on the immature stages of the family is expected to provide useful morphological evidence and synapomorphies to stabilize the generic nomenclature. Subclemensia Kozlov, 1987 is one of the monotypic genera in Incurvariidae. In this study, the immature stages of the type species of Subclemensia are reported for the first time. The leaf mine, host plant and its biological characteristics are also provided. DNA barcodes were generated to aid the species delimitation. The adult male and female genitalia are re-illustrated by color photography to supplement the original line drawings. The generic concepts of Subclemensia and other related genera are discussed based on immature characters.

Epermenia (Calotripis) sinjovi Gaedike, 1993, feeding on Angelica pubescens Maxim. and A. ursina Maxim., was previously recorded in Russia (Far East, Southern Siberia and Transbaikalia), Kunashir Island and Japan. This species is for the first time reported in China by rearing from a new host plant A. polymorpha Maxim. The larva and pupa are illustrated and described for the first time. Available biological information associated with the new host plant is also reported. Reference DNA barcodes are provided for E. (C.) sinjovi, which confirms that forewing distinct colors and morphological differences found in venation and genitalia among individuals are intraspecific variations. The adult morphological variations within population are analyzed and discussed.

The subfamily Parornichinae and thus the genus Parornix Spuler, 1910 are reported for the first time in China. Two new species, P. sinensis Liu, sp. n. feeding on Amygdalus davidiana and P. yuliella Liu & Teng, sp. n. on Cerasus japonica, are described herein. Both host plant species belong to Rosaceae. Adult, genitalia of both sexes, and leaf mines are described and illustrated for both species. A Maximum Likelihood tree based on DNA barcodes available for Parornix is also provided for species separation. Reference barcodes for both new species are generated.

The ten species of the genus Lateantenna Amsel, 1968 known from China are reviewed. Four new species are described: L. semicircularis sp. n. and L. zhejiangensis sp. n. from Zhejiang, L. lunata sp. n. from Yunnan and Hainan, and L. triangulata sp. n. from Yunnan. Lateantenna eurotella (Adamski, 2010) and L. ianella (Adamski, 2003) are newly recorded for China. The females of L. camelliae (Chen & Wu, 2013) and L. ianella (Adamski, 2003) are described for the first time. Photographs of adults and genitalia are provided. Based on male genitalia, a key to the species of Mainland China is provided. Two maps showing the distribution of these species are also included.