Zil- E- Huma

We investigated the flow of chemically reactive non-Newtonian nanofluid over an exponentially stretching curved Riga sheet, addressing its significance in advanced heat and mass transfer processes relevant to engineering and industrial applications. The aim is to explore the effects of involving factors on velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles, as well as associated physical quantities such as skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number. The research employs a hybrid methodology combining boundary layer approximation, dimensional transformation of governing PDEs into ODEs, numerical solutions, and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for enhanced prediction and analysis. The results expose that key parameters significantly impact heat transfer and flow characteristics, with ANN providing accurate predictions that validate the numerical outcomes. The comprehensive approach emphasizes the potential of ANN in complementing numerical methods for scrutinizing complex fluid dynamic systems. A higher thermophoresis parameter increased with thermal resistance, which restricted heat transfer and raised the local temperature. The velocity profile increased significantly near the stretching surface due to enhancing elastic forces on fluid motion. Symmetric error distributions with low mean errors demonstrate strong accuracy while outliers present challenges in complex physical scenarios.

Background: Despite the steady rise in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) uptake among young adults, increasingly more young people want to quit. Given the popularity of smartphones among young adults, mobile-based e-cigarette cessation interventions hold significant promise. Smartphone apps are particularly promising due to their varied and complex capabilities to engage end users. However, evidence around young adults’ preferences and expectations from an e-cigarette cessation smartphone app remains unexplored. Objective: The purpose of this study was to take an initial step toward understanding young adults’ preferences and perceptions on app-based e-cigarette cessation interventions. Methods: Using a qualitative descriptive approach, we interviewed 12 young adults who used e-cigarettes and wanted to quit. We inductively derived themes using the framework analysis approach and NVivo 12 qualitative data analysis software. Results: All participants agreed that a smartphone app for supporting cessation was desirable. In addition, we found 4 key themes related to their preferences for app components: (1) flexible personalization (being able to enter and modify goals); (2) e-cigarette behavior tracking (progress and benefits of quitting); (3) safely managed social support (moderated and anonymous); and (4) positively framed notifications (encouraging and motivational messages). Some gender-based differences indicate that women were more likely to use e-cigarettes to cope with stress, preferred more aesthetic tailoring in the app, and were less likely to quit cold turkey compared with men. Conclusions: The findings provide direction for the development and testing of app-based e-cigarette cessation interventions for young adults.

BACKGROUND Despite the steady rise in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) uptake among young adults, increasingly more young people want to quit. Given the popularity of smartphones among young adults, mobile-based e-cigarette cessation interventions hold significant promise. Smartphone apps are particularly promising due to their varied and complex capabilities to engage end users. However, evidence around young adults’ preferences and expectations from an e-cigarette cessation smartphone app remains unexplored. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to take an initial step toward understanding young adults’ preferences and perceptions on app-based e-cigarette cessation interventions. METHODS Using a qualitative descriptive approach, we interviewed 12 young adults who used e-cigarettes and wanted to quit. We inductively derived themes using the framework analysis approach and NVivo 12 qualitative data analysis software. RESULTS All participants agreed that a smartphone app for supporting cessation was desirable. In addition, we found 4 key themes related to their preferences for app components: (1) flexible personalization (being able to enter and modify goals); (2) e-cigarette behavior tracking (progress and benefits of quitting); (3) safely managed social support (moderated and anonymous); and (4) positively framed notifications (encouraging and motivational messages). Some gender-based differences indicate that women were more likely to use e-cigarettes to cope with stress, preferred more aesthetic tailoring in the app, and were less likely to quit cold turkey compared with men. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide direction for the development and testing of app-based e-cigarette cessation interventions for young adults.