Paulina Guzmán

Background: Microteaching has become a widely used strategy in teacher education, yet its specific effects on Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) and on key psychological constructs remain underexplored. Objective: This systematic review aimed to synthesize empirical evidence (2015–2025) on the impact of microteaching on pre-service physical education teachers, with a focus on self-efficacy and the emerging construct of cognitive flexibility. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we searched Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, and SPORTDiscus without language restrictions. Eligible studies involved microteaching or teaching simulations with pre-service teachers, reporting outcomes on instructional performance, self-efficacy, cognitive flexibility, or related pedagogical indicators. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. Results: Of 626 records screened, a small corpus of experimental and quasi-experimental studies (n=4–6 with quantitative outcomes) consistently showed improvements in instructional skills, teaching confidence, and self-efficacy. Evidence for cognitive flexibility was indirect, mostly inferred from adaptability in teaching behaviors rather than standardized psychometric measures. The overall methodological quality was moderate, with few randomized designs and limited follow-up data. Conclusions: Microteaching is a cost-effective and robust strategy to enhance instructional competence and self-efficacy in PETE. Its potential contribution to cognitive flexibility remains underexplored and represents a priority for future research. Standardized measurement, longitudinal designs, and culturally diverse samples are needed to consolidate this line of inquiry.

Rising rates of weapon carriage in U.S. K–12 schools threaten the safety and well-being of students, educators, and staff. Despite widespread use of security measures such as metal detectors and law enforcement presence, evidence supporting their effectiveness remains mixed. This scoping review analyzes empirical studies from 2005 to 2025 that evaluate interventions aimed at reducing weapon carriage in U.S. schools. Only two studies met inclusion criteria: one assessing the impact of random mandatory metal detector searches on weapon carriage and student safety perceptions, and another evaluating the Say Something Anonymous Reporting System (SS-ARS) for its potential to prevent firearm-related incidents. While both interventions showed limited positive outcomes, the overall evidence base is weak, and long-term effectiveness is unclear. Moreover, ‘target hardening’ strategies like metal detectors may negatively affect student perceptions of safety, particularly among students of color. Findings highlight the need for more holistic, evidence-based approaches that go beyond physical security. Interventions that emphasize social and emotional learning, mental health support, and positive school climate may better address the root causes of weapon carriage. Future research should focus on evaluating integrated strategies that balance physical safety with psychological well-being to create more supportive and secure school environments.

The prevalence of teacher-directed violence has been well-documented around the world. However, interventions focused on the prevention of teacher victimization have received less attention. Understanding how to reduce teacher-directed violence is vital to preserving the overall well-being of teachers, supporting their teaching, reducing teacher burnout, and providing recommendations for future research. The current scoping review reports on teacher-directed violence interventions in K–12 school settings (n = 2). In addition, emerging evidence is described that provides recommendations for developing teacher-directed violence interventions (n = 6). The results from this scoping review reinforce the need for further study of teacher victimization-focused interventions to support the essential work of teachers.

La pandemia ha impactado la vida de las personas, especialmente, en la escuela. Sin embargo, no existen estudios en Chile que hayan examinado las implicancias en los docentes de este nuevo contexto. El estudio caracteriza el bienestar de docentes chilenos a partir de diferentes variables, claves para la enseñanza y aprendizaje, tales como el desgaste laboral, el bienestar docente, al igual que sus emociones positivas y negativas, como también el apoyo social percibido. Para estos fines se usó una muestra de 635 docentes, 40.66 años en promedio, en su mayoría mujeres (92,3%). Los resultados arrojaron que los profesores de menor edad experimentan mayores emociones negativas y desgaste, las mujeres, mayor desgaste psíquico que los hombres, mientras que los docentes de colegios particulares subvencionados menores índices de bienestar. Se discuten las implicancias de estos resultados en las intervenciones la importancia de generar instancias de apoyo para el ejercicio de su profesión.

El quehacer docente se ha visto afectado a causa de la crisis sanitaria a nivel mundial, los docentes han debido transformar la forma de hacer su trabajo y enfrentar nuevos desafíos profesionales. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar y comparar entre docentes chilenos y ecuatorianos percepciones de bienestar emocional, social y laboral durante la pandemia; también identificar diferencias por género y la relación entre el nivel de bienestar y diferentes dimensiones socioemocionales. Participaron 881 docentes de preescolar, primaria y secundaria de ambos países, quienes respondieron un cuestionario en línea sobre carga laboral/doméstica, horario laboral, apoyo institucional, afectos positivos y negativos, apoyo social, desgaste emocional, bienestar y ciberacoso. Los resultados reportan mayor carga laboral y doméstica durante la pandemia, también se evidencian puntuaciones con tendencia positiva en todas las dimensiones socioemocionales, sin embargo los docentes ecuatorianos de forma significativa han percibido menos carga laboral, doméstica y desgaste, mayor bienestar general, sentimientos positivos y apoyo, lo que indica que características sociodemográficas influyen en la forma de afrontar situaciones de crisis. Otra variable de influencia fue el género, en donde las mujeres han percibido una mayor carga a nivel emocional, social y laboral. Se evidencia correlación positiva alta entre bienestar general con sentimientos positivos y apoyo social; correlaciones negativas altas entre bienestar general con sentimientos negativos y desgaste emocional. En conclusión, estos resultados revelan la realidad socioemocional que están viviendo los docentes durante la pandemia y da pautas para generar acciones que promuevan el bienestar general de esta población.