Zhe Wang

Radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting technology is limited by issues such as narrowband operation, polarization mismatch, low beam coverage, and poor conformality, which hinder its large‐scale deployment and practical applications. Here, we propose a flexible multi‐domain RF energy harvesting system based on graphene assembled film (GAF). Leveraging the flexibility, lightweight nature, and corrosion resistance of GAF materials significantly enhances the environmental stability and service life of the system, improving its suitability for wearable devices and complex environments. The system enables multi‐domain unified advancement by incorporating a redesigned GAF‐based antenna array, a dual‐band rectifier, and an integrated energy management module. Specifically, it operates at 2.45 GHz (right‐hand circular polarization) and 5.8 GHz (left‐hand circular polarization) to cover key Wi‐Fi bands, thereby remarkably improving bandwidth, polarization adaptability, and beam coverage. Furthermore, benefiting from excellent flexibility and conformability, the system can be integrated onto backpacks to power wearable devices while maintaining stable operation. This research demonstrates a GAF‐based conformal, dual‐band, dual‐beam, and dual‐circular‐polarization RF energy harvesting system, providing a robust technological foundation for realizing battery‐free operation in Internet of Things (IoT) devices.

The rapid advancement of the Information Age needs the development of intelligent electromagnetic interference shielding materials that respond to real-time environmental alterations. Herein, we illuminate the electromagnetic interference shielding mechanisms of carbon-based materials and verify the feasibility of transitioning from microscopic structural models to macroscopic electromagnetic equivalent circuit models. More importantly, we extend classical electromagnetic equivalent circuit theory (traditionally applied to metals) to advanced carbon materials with microstructures, such as graphene films. This shift in theoretical approach not only elucidates the shielding and polarization manipulation mechanism, but also develops electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness manipulation serialized metamaterials with some high performances: the widest polarization difference manipulation range (enhanced polarization sensitivity, 1061.60 dB/mm), the highest full polarization shielding (over 99.15%) and the most significant switching efficiency for “On” and “Off” states (3.17%-99.79%), simultaneously. This work offers a promising avenue for advancing intelligent electromagnetic shielding materials.

Laser-induced graphene (LIG) technology has streamlined the fabrication of patterned graphene for electronics. However, the laser-induced ultrafast kinetics result in the formation of amorphous structures and high electrical resistivity, limiting its applicability in high-performance devices. Herein, we report a facile strategy of expanding interline spacing in LIG line-to-surface growth for constructing high-crystallinity-riveted surface architectures with significantly enhanced electrical conductivity. This approach enables scalable fabrication of highly conductive LIG (3,290 S m^-1) under ambient conditions. Compared with doping and defect-healing strategies, this in situ optimization requires no additional reagents or high-temperature treatment and enables single-step patterned fabrication. Crucially, we first identify a heterogeneous structure along the vertical scanning direction in LIG lines, comprising defect-enriched, highly crystallized, and amorphous carbon phases. Combined experimental and theoretical analyses reveal that the structural gradient arises from the laser-pulse-induced Gaussian temperature field and far-from-equilibrium reaction dynamics. On this basis, we design an interline spacing exceeding the laser spot diameter to form high-crystallinity-riveted surface architectures, an interval conventionally considered unsuitable for producing high-quality LIG. The optimized LIG demonstrates substantially enhanced performance in electromagnetic shielding, Joule heating, and strain sensing, highlighting its potential for multifunctional, application-tailored devices.

To address the issue of mechanical heterogeneity and structural failure in traditional anisotropic aerogels under complex stress fields, this study proposes a synergistic strategy combining bubble templating with freeze-casting. This approach enables the fabrication of an elastic carbon aerogel with three-dimensionally isotropic structural characteristics. Using aramid nanofibers as the matrix skeleton, the incorporation of graphene oxide reduces the surface tension of the solution while enhancing system viscosity, effectively suppressing bubble coalescence and ultimately yielding a carbon aerogel with a spherical cavity structure. The resulting aerogel exhibits nearly identical physical properties across all three spatial dimensions. Notably, it maintains exceptional structural stability (plastic deformation < 2.9%) even under 80% compressive strain and demonstrates ultra-wide temperature adaptability. This work provides a novel design strategy for high-performance porous materials.

Active manipulation of electromagnetic wave jamming is a critical challenge for next-generation adaptive electronics. Electrical conductivity-tunable porous materials have been developed, but have encountered the challenge of constrained modulation range and large thickness. Herein, we report a method for modulating the shielding efficiency of microwaves based on a micrometer-thick graphene metasurface. The continuous modulation between wave transmission and shielding in an ultra-wide range of 9.66%–99.78% is achieved, due to the remarkable anisotropy of wave-induced electron oscillation. By rotating the metasurface, wherein alignment of the periodically arranged graphene strips with the incident electric field enhances electron oscillations and boosts secondary radiation, significantly improved shielding efficiency is obtained. Notably, the metasurface achieves facile preparation and open-air processability utilizing laser-induced ultrafast kinetics, facilitating its application in advanced smart electromagnetic devices. Finally, we demonstrate its potential in a novel paradigm for data electromagnetic encryption.

High-performance thermal interface materials (TIMs) are highly sought after for modern electronics. Two-dimensional (2D) materials as vertical aligned fillers can optimize the out-plane thermal conductivity (k_⊥), but their excessively high content or intrinsic rigidness deteriorate TIMs softness, leading to worsening for thermal contact resistance (R_contact). In this study, 2D graphene materials are fabricated into lightweight and soft graphene foams (GFs) with high-orientation, acting as vertical filler frameworks to optimize the k_⊥ and R_contact for vertical GF (VGF) TIMs. The VGF-TIM has a high k_⊥ of 47.9 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹ at a low graphene content of 15.5 wt.%. Due to the softness and low filler contents of GFs, the VGF-TIM exhibits a low compressive module (4.2 MPa), demonstrating excellent compressibility. The resulting TIM exhibit a low contact resistance of 24.4 K·mm²·W⁻¹, demonstrating 185.1% higher cooling efficiency in practical heat dissipating scenario compared to commercial advanced TIMs. This work provides guidelines for the design of advanced TIMs and their applications in thermal management.

MXene‐based films have garnered significant attention for their remarkable electrical and mechanical properties. Nevertheless, the practical application of MXene is impeded by its intrinsic instability caused by spontaneous oxidation. The traditional anti‐oxidative strategies frequently lead to a compromise in stability, electrical conductivity, and mechanical properties. In this study, a novel approach is proposed involving metal nano‐armoring, wherein a copper layer with nano thickness is deposited onto MXene film surfaces to establish a uniform and seamless heterogeneous interface (MXene@Cu). The precise tunability and uniformity of this heterostructure are consistently demonstrated through both theoretical calculations and experimental results. The MXene@Cu films exhibit exceptional electrical conductivity of 1.17 × 10 ⁶ S m ⁻¹ , electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of 77.1 dB, and tensile strength of 43.4 MPa. More importantly, this heterostructure significantly improves MXene's stability against oxidation. After exposure to air for 30 days, the resultant MXene@Cu films exhibit a remarkable conductivity retention of 72.0%, significantly exceeding that of pristine MXene films (44.3%). This scalable synthesis approach holds significant promise for electronic device applications, particularly in electromagnetic shielding and thermal management.

High‐efficiency and sustainable membrane purification technology is highly desirable but unattainable in the field of water treatment. 2D materials are emerging as very promising candidates for water treatment applications. However, membranes assembled by pure 2D materials lack reasonable structural and functional design, usually exhibiting relatively low water permeance, purification performance, and fouling resistance. Here, a mixed‐dimensional membrane is designed to solve the above‐mentioned problems by assembling two kinds of in situ grown 0D@2D functional building blocks of SiO₂@GO and TiO₂@MXene. Specifically, the obtained membrane exhibits high and maintainable water permeance of 2114 L m⁻² h⁻¹ bar⁻¹ as well as high rejection rates toward organic dyes thanks to the plentiful firm water channels constructed by 0D@2D structures and the negative charges on both SiO₂@GO and TiO₂@MXene, respectively. Moreover, the 0D@2D TiO₂@MXene serves as photocatalyst, rendering the composite membrane intriguing self‐cleaning function under UV irradiation, which is verified by the high recovery ratios of water permeance (97.5%) and dye interception rate (98.7%). Thus, this work offers a promising approach for the design of highly efficient and sustainable membrane for separation and purification purposes.