Mirjana Adamović

This report is based on a study on gender–based cyber violence against women and girls in Croatia, Portugal and Spain, commissioned by the Ombudsperson for Gender Equality of the Republic of Croatia. The study is the final and summary report of the project “Raising awareness about gender-based cyber violence and advocating for a safer online environment for women and girls (bE-SAFE)” financed by the European Union within the call of the “Citizens, Equality, Rights and Values (CERV)” programme. Spanish youth report the highest victimisation rates on most items, followed by Portugal, with Croatia generally being the lowest. The exception is threats of physical violence, where Croatia's youth report substantially higher rates than either Portugal or Spain. Across all three countries, body appearance insults consistently rank first or joint first. This finding implies the centrality of bodily self-presentation as the primary target of online aggression regardless of the national context. One finding is consistent across all three countries: females are more targeted by unwanted sexual messages, and males are more targeted by threats of physical violence. This female-sexual/male-physical split represents the most robust cross-national gender pattern in the data. Beyond this, national specificities emerge: Croatia uniquely shows a higher male victimisation on appearance-based insults, while Spain shows pronounced gender divergences overall. LGBTIQ youth are consistently the most victimised group across all three countries. The pattern is universal but its shape varies. Croatia and Portugal show the strongest LGBTIQ overrepresentation for reputational aggression (lies about sexual behaviour), while Spain concentrates LGBTIQ vulnerability in coercive sexual behaviours. Regarding the children who are victims of GBCV in Croatia: being younger is associated with a higher victimisation, which means that children lack protective resources available to older youth. Croatian children may inhabit less supervised online spaces. As digital engagement intensifies through adolescence, victimisation likely accumulates. However, in Portugal and Spain children are more frequently exposed to a wider range of forms of violent cyber behaviours than the children in Croatia. Croatia shows the largest gender gaps among children, with girls being victims more often, followed by Portugal, and with Spain showing the most modest differences. Spanish youth report the highest perpetration rates on all comparable items, followed by Portugal and then Croatia. This higher perpetration in Spain is consistent with the higher victimisation rates observed there, which may point to a context where cyber violence is both more commonly experienced and more commonly enacted. The three countries present three distinct developmental models for the gendering of perpetration. In Croatia, self-reported perpetration is gender-neutral among children and becomes male-dominated among youth. In Portugal, moderate male predominance among children partially attenuates among youth. In Spain, strong male predominance is present from childhood and persists into youth. These divergent trajectories may imply that the relationship between gender and cyber violence perpetration is culturally mediated. It is interesting to note that Croatia and Portugal follow a "childhood peak" where both victimisation and perpetration are considerably higher among children and decline with age. In Spain, however, the prevalence of GBCV in terms of experience and perpetration is similar in both age groups. Across all three countries and both age groups, generally, females are disproportionately targeted by sexually intrusive behaviours and males by physical threats. LGBTIQ youth are the most victimised group in every country. Across all three countries, risky online behaviour emerged as the strongest and most consistent predictor of GBCV involvement, whether as a witness, victim, or perpetrator. Higher media literacy was associated with lower levels of both victimisation and perpetration in Croatia and Portugal, though this protective effect was less consistent in Spain. Both victims and perpetrators reported poorer mental health, greater loneliness, and negative academic outcomes, though the data do not allow us to establish the direction of causality. Girls and women reported higher levels of distress following victimisation than boys and men, while men were more likely to resort to passive coping strategies. Interestingly, "doing nothing" was among the most common reactions to victimisation across all three countries, and substantial proportions of those affected told no one about their experiences. Perpetrators were predominantly known to victims (friends, partners, and acquaintances), rather than anonymous strangers.

Neighborhood satisfaction is one of dimensions of the quality of life. It is explored in relation to the perception of life satisfaction in urban areas, and regarded as an indicator of the quality of housing policies. Nowadays especially, the concept of life satisfaction includes ecological characteristics of the environment. This paper examines the ecological aspects of life satisfaction in large Croatian cities (Zagreb, Split, Rijeka, Osijek), and the ecological aspects of life satisfaction in large housing estates (LHE), built both in the socijalist and post-socialist periods. The research was conducted using mixed methodology; the questionnaire was applied on a sample of N=1,536 inhabitants, and focus groups were carried out with residents of socijalist and post-socialist housing estates. Th e results show that the residents of the cities and estates are most satisfied with natural resources, i.e. the quality of water and air, less satisfied with the level of noise, and least satisfied with the way waste is disposed and removed. In that regard, there are statistically signifi cant differences among cities, as well as estates, in relation to the period when they were built. Regarding the green infrastructure, previous research has shown that due to a lack of planning and the market conditions of post-socialist construction, the estates from this period have deficient green areas. Furthermore, the residents of all estates think that the greening of the environment is a priority, due to climate change, but also for ensuring the quality of life in them.

This paper explores public participation in socialist and post-socialist housing estates in Croatian cities. The quantitative (survey, N = 1,536) and qualitative research methods (focus groups with residents, semi-structured interviews with experts) were conducted. The focus was on the level of participation and obstacles for participation in Croatian housing estates. The results confirm the hypothesis that those citizens who do not believe that their participation impacts the decision-making process are less likely to participate. At the level of all estates, citizens are poorly acquainted with the actions of the city and local authorities, and poorly involved in decision-making processes. Citizens are mainly engaged when urgent situations occur that endanger the quality of life in the estate, which is most often related to environmental or infrastructural issues. That is also the most important ad hoc channel by which residents communicate their requirements with the formal government in cities, which is also called reactionist activism.

There are still relatively few studies on job satisfaction and the quality of work ‎among sex workers, partly due to the ideologies surrounding sex work. In this ‎paper we move away from dichotomous thinking and investigate the professional experiences of indoor independent sex workers in Croatia against the ‎background of criminalised context and gendered socio-economic realities. ‎We look into sex workers’ motivations, perceptions and experiences, their ‎control and safety strategies.‎ The study shows that despite many structural constraints on the sex workers’ agency, all participants exercise some degree of autonomy and control ‎over their working lives. The factors that seem to be the most relevant in terms ‎of their ability to set up their own conditions, which in turn influences their experiences, are their economic situation, motivation and self-perception. Negative experiences mostly stem from criminalisation and stigmatisation of sex ‎work, which affects women primarily, and creates more risks to their health ‎and safety. The results of the study call for integrative policy approaches, ‎which presuppose full decriminalisation of adult voluntary sex work.

The paper deals with maintenance and management problems in multi-family buildings in Zagreb and other Croatian cities from the perspective of co-owners’ representatives. After 1990, when there was intensive privatization of housing, the responsibility for the maintenance of the housing stock shifted to private owners and management companies. Apartment owners have been given the obligation to maintain multi-family buildings and have faced problems and challenges in maintaining and managing common property. The empirical research was conducted on a convenience sample of co-owners' representatives (N = 353) using the survey method. The results are analysed according to three construction periods of multi-family buildings: built before 1945, during the socialist period (from 1945 to 1990) and the post-socialist period (after 1991). The results show that in all three construction periods there are certain bigger or smaller shortcomings regarding the building quality, and then the maintenance. The paper concludes that insufficient financial and organisational resources, insufficient engagement of managers, inadequate collaboration between representatives and managers, and weak energy renovation of multi-family buildings are some of the most important problems faced by co-owners’ representatives.

Primjenjujući sociološku perspektivu, ovaj se rad bavi analizom rizičnih ponašanja i njihovom povezanošću s nekim sociodemografskim obilježjima mladih u Hrvatskoj. Pritom se koriste dva teorijska pristupa. Prvi je klasni, odnosno socioekonomski pri...

U ovome se radu raspravlja o klasifikaciji antifeminizma iznesenoj u knjizi Visoko čelo filozofkinje Gordane Bosanac. U toj knjizi, u potpunosti posvećenoj temi antifeminizma, Gordana Bosanac ukazuje na povezanost feminizma i antifeminizma, pri čemu...

U prvoj istraživačkoj fazi bilateralnog projekta sa Slovenijom pod nazivom Kvaliteta života u stambenim naseljima iz socijalističkog i postsocijalističkog razdoblja: komparativna analiza između Slovenije i Hrvatske (2020.-2023.) provedeno je anketno istraživanje s predstavnicima suvlasnika višestambenih zgrada u Hrvatskoj. Predstavnici suvlasnika igraju značajnu posredničku ulogu između stanara kao vlasnika stanova i upraviteljskih tvrtki u procesu upravljanja, održavanja i poboljšanja kvalitete zgrada u kojima stanuju. Stoga je namjera ovog istraživanja bila analizirati I istražiti ovu ciljanu populaciju jer sustavna istraživanja o njihovom i kontekstu u kojem se proces upravljanja i održavanja višestambenih zgrada obavlja u Republici Hrvatskoj gotovo ne postoje. Provedeno istraživanje doprinos je stručnoj i znanstvenoj analizi ovog procesa, ali i ukupne stambene problematike u Hrvatskoj. Cilj je ankete bio prikupiti (inicijalne) informacije i uvide o problematici kvalitete gradnje, kvalitete života te održavanja i upravljanja zgradama kao I mogućnostima provedbe energetske obnove višestambenih zgrada kod nas. Empirijsko istraživanje provedeno je na prigodnom uzorku predstavnika suvlasnika (N = 353) metodom ankete. Dobiveni rezultati prezentirani su prema tri starosne kategorije višestambenih zgrada: izgrađene prije 1945. godine, u socijalističkom razdoblju (od 1945. do 1990. godine) i postsocijalističkom razdoblju (nakon 1990. godine). Stambeni fond izgrađen između 1945. i 1990. procijenjen je zadovoljavajućim u stambenom smislu. Zadovoljstvo predstavnika suvlasnika zgradama najniže je u kategoriji zgrada izgrađenima prije 1945. godine. Rad zaključuje kako su nedostatna financijska sredstva, nerazumijevanje značenja suvlasništva nad zajedničkim dijelovima, nedovoljna angažiranost upravitelja i nejasan zakonodavni okvir, neki od najvažnijih problema s kojima se susreću suvlasnici i predstavnici suvlasnika u svom radu.

Različite ideološke pozicije određuju modele, odnosno politike usmjerene prema reguliranju prostitucije, tj. prema osobama koje se prostitucijom bave, organiziraju prostituciju ili traže usluge u toj domeni društvenog života. U...

This paper presents the results of a research on the problems and challenges of post-earthquake renovation in the inner city center of Zagreb, where mostly older, historical buildings are situated, which were severely damaged in the 2020 earthquake. Almost two years after the earthquake, political actors have not been able to make much progress regarding the post-earthquake renovation, which has caused discontent among vulnerable citizens. This paper presents the results of a qualitative analysis of semistructured interviews with owners of damaged apartments and co-owners' representatives. The authors found two main issues with the post-earthquake renovation in Zagreb: 1) incomplete renovation and problems with the financing of repairs to damaged buildings, and 2) people moving out of the city center and city apartmanization. The results showed that the cost of damage repair in most cases was covered by the citizens themselves and that institutional help has been slow and bureaucratized. Also, the participation process regarding renovation has not been successful for the citizens and they are still dealing with similar problems as in the beginning of the renovation.