Bintang Noor Prabowo

Coastal settlements in tropical regions increasingly live with flooding as a recurring condition rather than a rare event. In Indramayu, Indonesia, daily tidal flooding and seasonal river floods contribute to persistent dampness, material decay, sanitation disruption, and reduced indoor comfort. Although technical modelling can describe flood exposure and heat–air–moisture risks, there is still a practical gap in the literature on how to translate such evidence into community-driven, comparable adaptation pathways that can be reviewed, monitored, and improved over time. This paper addresses that gap by presenting a reproducible Imaginaries Workshop Protocol developed for a living-lab setting. The protocol links three elements: (1) technical risk mapping (flood exposure patterns, moisture persistence, and envelope vulnerability), (2) community imaginaries (facilitated storytelling and spatial mapping of lived impacts, thresholds of acceptability, and preferred futures), and (3) response synthesis (bundling measures across envelope, building, and settlement scales into a small set of scenario hypotheses). The protocol also specifies how scenarios are paired with a concise indicator set suitable for later evaluation, including use in visual dashboards for stakeholder feedback. The main contribution is methodological, which is a transparent step-by-step process that supports replication and adaptation in other chronically flooded coastal settlements. While the scenarios reported in this paper remain conceptual at this preparatory stage, the protocol provides a clear pathway for turning mixed technical and local knowledge into actionable, monitorable response options for climate-resilient built environments.

This study explores the distinct roles of architects in building-level Facility Management (FM) and urban designers in Urban-Scale Facility Management (Urban FM) to bridge the gap between design and facility operations. By clarifying these roles, the research aims to enhance interdisciplinary collaboration, ensuring that FM principles are integrated from the early design stages to improve long-term sustainability, efficiency, and resilience in both buildings and urban environments. A scoping literature review was conducted to examine existing research on FM, Urban FM, and the contributions of architects and urban designers. The study reviewed academic literature to identify best practices, challenges, and knowledge gaps. A comparative analysis was applied to distinguish the responsibilities of architects and urban designers. The study highlights the fragmentation between design and FM practices and identifies the need for greater collaboration between architects, urban designers, and FM professionals. While architects influence building-level performance, urban designers contribute to urban-scale infrastructure, connectivity, and public space usability. The research underscores technological integration (BIM, IoT, and smart city tools) as essential for optimizing FM across scales. This study relies on secondary data from existing literature. Future research should incorporate empirical case studies and industry stakeholder interviews to validate findings and propose implementation frameworks. This research offers a structured differentiation of architects’ and urban designers’ roles in FM, emphasizing their importance in sustainable facility operations. It provides a foundation for policy development, interdisciplinary education, and FM-integrated design strategies.

This study validated the theoretical keypoints obtained from a previously published scoping literature review within the context of three Norwegian World Heritage sites: Røros, Rjukan, and Notodden. The cross-sectional table of the urban heritage facility management (UHFM) framework, which is based on interviews and correspondence, demonstrates the connection between the tasks of the six clusters of technical departments responsible for the provision of urban-scale support services and the modified critical steps of the Historic Urban Landscape approach, in which an additional step for “monitoring and evaluation” was included. UHFM operates at the intersection of heritage preservation, urban-scale facility management, and stakeholder coordination, which requires a careful balance between urban heritage conservation and sustainable urban management practices, thus enabling the preservation of World Heritage status that, among others, fosters sustainable tourism. The three case studies highlighted the significance of UHFM in preserving heritage value, authenticity, visual quality, and significance. Besides providing comprehensive support services that extend beyond the daily tasks of conservators and World Heritage managers, UHFM also allows feedback mechanisms for continuous improvement. This study highlighted the complex relationship between the provision of urban-scale support services and the preservation of Outstanding Universal Value as the core business of World Heritage sites.

Whether public sectors or private institutions, in-house or outsourced, building-level or urban-scale, the critical role of facility management (FM) is to support the core business activities of an organization in accomplishing its objectives. Through the services it manages and provides, FM impacts people’s health, well-being, and quality of life. While there is no difficulty in defining a corporation, organization, or institution’s core business, defining the core business of a city as an institution is not widely discussed in the urban-scale facility management literature. By using a narrative research approach from the available literature, this study seeks to shed light on potential justifications for a city’s “core business” and its possible support services. The context of the World Heritage site is used to provide a sharper perspective on the possible urban-scale support services customized for urban heritage areas. This study suggests that a city’s primary objective is to maintain and possibly attract new “desirable” citizens through the provision of excellent services, a quality-built environment, a sense of well-being, health, safety and security, and economic growth. Consequently, the integration of urban-scale support services must be aligned with the purpose of the city, or the World Heritage site, to be specific.

This review examines current discussions from the cross-section study between urban heritage conservation and urban facility management fields in the academic literature from 2011–2020. The purpose is to identify the gaps within the examined papers to reveal the challenges and opportunities in the combined fields using the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)’s recommendation of the historic urban landscape (HUL) approach. The scoping review procedure was followed. The six critical steps and four supporting tools of the HUL approach were used to analyze the examined papers. Most aspects of urban heritage management within the body of literature were directly related to urban-scale facility management. The potential usage of building information modelling became one of the most discussed technological aspects. The expansion of the public–private partnership model into the public–private–people partnership is considered as a new potential business model. At the same time, the adaptive reuse approach is deemed to be the most sustainable method of managing heritage areas. This scoping review identified the financial tools as the most under-researched urban heritage facility management component. Therefore, it needs to be endorsed among the scientific communities to improve the knowledge and provide operable guidelines for the authorities and practitioners in the urban heritage field.

This study aims to provide an understanding of the locality-based privacy of traditional Indonesian houses, which is in line with Islamic architecture values. This study reviews scientific papers about traditional Indonesian houses and summarizes the privacy establishment of each house. The result of the summary found that privacy in traditional Indonesian houses consists of physical and non-physical. Physical privacy comprises separator or divider; height adjustment for building elements; build layers of rooms as transitional space; clear division of zoning; selected wall material; and distinction entrance. In comparison, non-physical privacy involves spatial agreement and gender spatial that requires agreement space between men and women. This study is expectedly fruitful for the development of Islamic-based concept residence in the Indonesian real estate realm.

This paper focuses on the identification of layer mapping of Kota Lama Semarang through chronological development within decades of its construction since the early 17th century. The site was first settled as a relatively small fortress, changed into a massive huge fortress city, and underwent the demolition of the outer wall in order to face modernization and the Nederlandsch Indische hegemony in Indonesia. The newest layer of the map would be posted in the Indonesian independence era, where some major changes were applied in this area. After reviewing the history of ideologies in conservation, as qualitative research with the descriptive-analytic approach, this article employed heuristic method as its main approach. This article only discusses one aspect of the Historic Urban Landscape, which is the identification of layer mapping of the Oud Stad area through its chronological development from the 17th to 21st century. The other approaches would be recommended to further research as stated in the conclusion. The primary apprehension of this article is to examine the efficient and complete approach to preserving the urban heritage that complements the values and the ongoing traditions of the local dwellers.

The rapid development in developing countries causes decreasing in the green area which leads to the environmental problem. Increasing heat transfer in the building envelope push more energy, especially for air conditioning. Although vertical greenery system is not a new concept, however, the building planners do not use it as one of an alternative design for energy saving yet. This paper will present a study on the office building with vertical greenery system as a building envelope in the tropical area, Indonesia. Data collection was done during summer time, in October 2013. There is two data analysis, based on the field measurement and Ecotect simulation. The result indicates that during data measurement at 05.00 a.m – 06.00 p.m. chamber with vertical greenery system has cooler surface temperatures and smaller in heat transfer. The peak temperatures of the exterior and interior facade with vertical greenery system are 29.13∘C and 25.41∘C, respectively. While for bare wall facade are 32.30∘C for exterior facade and 30.79∘C for the interior facade. The results from the study proved that applying vertical greenery system on the building facade can reduce the heat transfer from the exterior facade to the interior facade.

During the last decade, greenery aspect in the building envelope starts to increase their presence in the building design. Vertical greenery system became the one of alternatives that potential to energy-saving in the building. However, in tropical area, researches related to vertical greenery system are enigmatic since reducing heat in tropical area are crutial for maintaining space in comfort condition. In this study, a comparative thermal analysis between green facade and green wall will present. A model called house miniature set up with climbing plans as model of green facade. While for green wall, data measurement was conducted in the office building with green wall as building envelope. The results showed a high potential for energy savings during peak time in the afternoon for green wall (1.5%) and green facade (1.3%) in comparison to the bare wall. While for interior facade are 2.6% for green wall and 2.2% for green facade. Effect of vertical greenery also found in the outdoor air temperature around greenery system. Results show at the hottest time of the day, the green wall and green facade reduced outdoor temperatures by 3.0°C and 1.2°C, respectively. Based on the analysis, compared to green facade, the cooling effect produced by green wall is faster. Possibility, the substrate properties in the green wall also help to decrease temperature. The reduction can be due to the foliage density as the leaves of green wall is denser than leaves in green facade.