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Objective This study evaluated the impact of cyanoacrylate and concentrated growth factor (CGF) on the postoperative morbidity of palatal donor sites following a free gingival graft (FGG). Methods Sixty patients were randomly assigned to three groups: a control group (hemostatic gelatine sponge), a cyanoacrylate group, and a CGF group. The groups were evaluated in terms of pain (visual analog scale (VAS)), epithelialization (full, partial or none), the number of analgesics (NA) consumed, the Healing Index (HI: 1 = very poor, 5 = excellent), color match (CM), and secondary bleeding (SB). Results The CGF group showed lower the VAS pain scores compared to the control group in the first hour (p = 0.040). This difference between the groups was also supported in terms of clinical significance by the eta squared (η²) value of 11.4%. On day seven, the percentage of patients with none epithelialization in the control group (80%) was higher than the CGF (10%) and cyanoacrylate (20%) groups (p < 0.001). On day 14, the full epithelialization rate was also lower in the control group (50%) (p = 0.008). Over the first three days, NA consumed was lower in the CGF group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). On day seven, the HI score of the control group was lower than that of the CGF and cyanoacrylate groups (p = 0.020) with a clinical significance reflected by the η² value of 21.9%. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding CM and SB. Conclusions The CGF group was found to be statistically significant in terms of the first-hour pain, epithelialization on days seven and 14, and NA consumed during the first three days, compared to the control group. While the cyanoacrylate group was similar to the CGF group in terms of epithelialization (on days seven and 14) and HI (on day seven), it was similar to the control group in terms of other parameters. Further studies are needed to determine the clinical significance of these findings. Clinical relevance This study provided an evaluation of the use of CGF and cyanoacrylate in the palatal donor sites following FGG. The results may be beneficial for any future studies evaluating for the clinical efficacy and their long-term clinical significance of these products.

Virüs, parazitik genetik bilgi paketine sahip ve bağışıklık sisteminde tepkilere yol açarak çeşitli hastalıklara neden olan bir patojen olarak tanımlanabilir (1,2). Gen yapısı ve üreme yöntemleri temeline dayanan ve 'Baltimore Sınıfları' denilen bir sistemle yapısal unsurlarının yedi kategoriye ayrıldığı bu patojenler (3), tek ve çift sarmallı DNA ve RNA'ya sahip olmalarına ve ters transkriptaza olan bağımlılıklarına göre yedi sınıfa ayrılmıştır. Kapsamlı bir hiyerarşik sınıflamaya sahip virüsler, ağız ortamında çeşitli hastalıklara sebep olabilmekte ve bu hastalıklar kimi zaman klinik olarak lokalize lezyonlar şeklinde, kimi zaman da yaygın ve invaziv şekilde ortaya çıkabilmektedir (4). Ayrıca neden oldukları ağız içi viral hastalıklar, ağız boşluğunun sık görülen kompleks inflamatuar bir hastalığı olan periodontitis ile muhtemel bir ilişkiye sahiptir (5-8). Bu bağlamda bu kitap bölümünde, çeşitli virüslerin (Herpes Simpleks-1 (HSV-1), İnsan İmmün Yetmezlik Virüsü (HIV), İnsan Papilloma Virü

Objective: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of endo-periodontal lesions (EPL) in individuals with periodontitis, to evaluate these lesions according to the new Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions (2017-Classification), and to investigate the relationship of EPLs with various parameters. Methods: The files of patients diagnosed with periodontitis were retrospectively evaluated in terms of age, gender, periodontal disease stage, EPL grade, number of EPL, radiographic shape, oral location, caries, presence of restoration, and furcation involvement of the tooth with EPL. Results: EPL was detected in 77 patients, consisted of 35 females and 42 males (mean age: 43.97±11.60), from a total of 800 patient files in the study. It was determined that the patients mostly received Stage III (n=43, 55.8%) in terms of periodontal diagnosis, and the teeth diagnosed with EPL had mostly Grade 3 (n=50, 64.9%) and cone-shaped (n=49, 63.6%) according to radiographic appearance. It was determined that EPL was mostly detected in mandibular molars (n=32, 41.6%), and the majority of teeth with EPL did not have root canal treatment (n=63, 81.8%), a prosthetic restoration (n=59, 76.6%), or caries (n=58, 75.3%). No significant difference was found between age groups and genders in terms of EPL number, grade, radiographic shape, and localization. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference between the number of teeth with EPL and the stage of periodontal disease. Conclusion: Prevalence of EPL was 9.62% in this study. Within the limitations of this study, it can be stated that according to the 2017-Classification, the number, grade, radiographic shape, and localization of EPL in periodontitis patients did not differ according to gender and age ranges. EPL was observed more in Stage III periodontitis patients and in mandibular molar teeth, and the rate of EPL-Grade 3 and radiographic images with cone-shaped was higher in these patients.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate a possible change in the mandibular trabecular structure of patients diagnosed with different stages of periodontitis and to compare them with gingivitis and periodontally healthy individuals. Methods: The periodontal diagnosis of 180 patients (90 females and 90 males) was made based on the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases and Conditions. The patients were divided into six groups: periodontally healthy (n=30), gingivitis (n=30), Stage I (n=30), Stage II (n=30), Stage III (n=30), and Stage IV (n=30) periodontitis. Seven regions of interest (ROIs) were determined for fractal analysis (FA) on panoramic radiographs. Fractal dimension (FD) and mandibular cortical width (MCW) were evaluated. Results: The mean age of the study population was 30.64±7.48 years. No statistically significant difference was observed among the groups in terms of FD. There was a statistically significant difference in gender distribution only for the MCW value (p

The cross-sectional study aimed to compare and evaluate the conversion rates of theses and dissertations of Ph.D. and specialization programs of the periodontology department in Türkiye. A total of 789 theses of dentists who successfully graduated from higher education institutions in Türkiye between 2001 and 2020 and qualified to become specialist dentists were analyzed. In these analyses, after descriptive information, the status of the theses converted into publications, the duration of publication, the number of citations, the indexes of the journals, and the employment status of dentists in the academy after graduation were evaluated. The Shapiro-Wilks test and Kolmogorov–Smirnov test were applied for the normality test. A chi-square test was used for categorical variables. Independent T-test, Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and time series linear regression test were applied. 336 Ph.D. (60.54%) and 110 (47%) dentists in specialty programs had their theses translated for publication (p = 0.001). 242 Ph.D. dentists (72.02%) published their thesis in an SCI-Expanded journal, while only sixty-nine specialty dentists (62.7%) published in these journals (p = 0.001). The publications of dentists with Ph.D. in SCI-Expanded indexed journals were mostly in journals ranked Q1 and Q2, while those of dentists with specialization were in journals ranked Q3 and Q4 (p = 0.012). The publications of dentists with Ph.D. received an average of 24 citations on the Web of Science, while those of specialists received seven (p = 0.001). The decline in the conversion of the theses of dentists graduating from the specialty program into publications may impact the field of periodontology in Türkiye. More comprehensive studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of the specialty program.

Objectives: To compare short-term changes in the levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of individuals undergoing orthodontic treatment with clear aligners. Materials and Methods: This study included 15 individuals. Each patient used clear aligners designed not to cause tooth movement in the GCF sampled teeth, to be changed every 10 days. GCF samples were collected from teeth 16 (upper right first molar) and 31 (lower left central incisor) at baseline and after the procedure at the first hour, third, seventh, 14th, and 21st days. In addition, clinical periodontal parameters for the full mouth and the teeth from which GCF was collected were recorded initially and on the 21st day. Results: A statistically significant difference was observed between the levels of IL-8 before the procedure, on the third and seventh days, and on the 21st day ( P < .01). The increase in IL-6 levels on the 14th and 21st days was significantly different compared to the levels before the procedure ( P < .01). A positive correlation was detected between IL-8 and IL-6 levels at the first hour, a negative correlation on the third day, and a lower level of positive correlation on the seventh, 14th, and 21st days. Conclusions: Within 21 days, the levels of IL-8 and IL-6 significantly increased in individuals undergoing orthodontic treatment with clear aligners. Within the limits of this study, the clear aligner material may affect the levels of IL-8 and IL-6 in the GCF.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and negative attitudes of dentists and 4th-grade and 5th-grade students of dentistry towards oral cancer (OC). Methods: The study was conducted on 417 individuals consisting of 100 dentists, 186 5th-grade, and 131 4th-grade students. The questionnaire included questions on demographic characteristics, 10 questions measuring their knowledge about OC risk factors (knowledge-risk factors), 5 questions measuring their knowledge regarding the diagnosis of OC (knowledge-diagnostic procedures), and 11 questions assessing their attitudes towards OC (negative attitudes). Results: While there is no significant difference between dentists and 5th-grade students in knowledge-risk factors and knowledge-diagnostic procedures total scores, the total score of the 4th-grade students was statistically significantly different from these groups (P =.001). Looking at the negative attitudes total score, there is no significant difference between 5th and 4th-grade students, while total score of dentists was observed a statistically significant difference (P=.001). While knowledge-risk factors and knowledge-diagnostic procedures total scores were significantly and positively correlated (r=.287, P<.05), negative attitudes total score showed a significant negative correlation with knowledge-risk factors total score (r=.103, P<.05). Deficiencies were observed regarding the clinical characteristics of the prior oral lesion among participants. The group who considered leukoplakia and erythroplakia most likely to become precancerous lesions were 5th-grade students by 81.7%. Most participants indicated their need for further training, especially on OC and screening. Conclusion: In the study, deficiencies were observed in the groups about OC. Therefore, deficiencies should be assessed comprehensively at regional and national levels, and it should be addressed. Keywords: Dental student, dentists, knowledge, mouth neoplasms, risk factors, squamous cell carcinoma

Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of submucosal 8 mg (2 mL) dexamethasone (DEX) on postoperative pain, swelling, chewing efficiency, trismus, healing, and discomfort after periodontal flap surgery (PFS). Methods In this randomized controlled split-mouth study, 25 patients underwent PFS in the mandible, whereby postoperative, submucosal DEX was injected to the surgical field to the test group and submucosal normal saline was applied to the control group. Pain was evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the 101-point numeric rate scale in the first 8 h after PFS and on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 7th days, whereas swelling, chewing efficiency, trismus, healing, discomfort and analgesic consumption were evaluated preoperatively on the 1st, 2nd and 7th days. Results In the intergroup evaluation, the VAS-7th hour value of the test group was lower than the control group(p < 0.05). On the 1st day, it was observed that there was less swelling and more chewing efficiency in the test group than in the control group(p < 0.05). When time-dependent changes were examined, the decrease in mouth opening due to trismus in the control group was greater than that in the test group on the 1st and the 2nd days compared to the preoperative period(p < 0.05). Finally, postoperative healing, discomfort, and analgesic consumption were similar between groups. Conclusion Within the limits of this study, the submucosal DEX may be an effective protocol in the management of pain, swelling, and trismus after PFS. Clinical relevance Our findings shed light on the possible effects of DEX after PFS. Trial registration This study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06119893).