Mohamed Bashir Ali Bashir

Lithium (Li)‐ion batteries (LIBs) are extensively used in modern electronics and electric vehicles, leading to a growing accumulation of spent batteries. Improper disposal poses serious environmental and economic challenges. While most recycling efforts focus on recovering valuable metals such as Li, cobalt (Co), and nickel (Ni) from cathodes, the anode material—primarily graphite—is often overlooked and discarded, contributing to resource inefficiency. In this study, a practical and sustainable method was developed to recover and regenerate anode graphite from mixed spent LIBs containing diverse chemistries, including Li Co oxide (LCO), Li iron phosphate (LFP), LMO, Ni manganese Co oxide (NMC), and NCA. A density‐based separation technique, based on Stokes’ law, was employed to isolate graphite from cathode residues. The separation efficiency was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), both of which revealed a clean and complete separation of graphite. Structural analysis using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) showed sharp diffraction peaks at (002), (100), and (004) planes, indicating high crystallinity and minimal lattice degradation during processing. The recovered graphite was subjected to thermal treatment and evaluated through galvanostatic cycling. The regenerated anode material exhibited a specific capacity of 340 mAh/g, closely matching that of commercial graphite (342 mAh/g), confirming excellent electrochemical performance. These findings demonstrate the viability of regenerating anode materials from mixed battery waste and underscore its role in reducing environmental impact, conserving critical raw materials, and enhancing the sustainability of LIB recycling systems.

Fossil fuel-based energy systems are mostly used for supplying energy that creates negative impacts on the environment, so in this study, the development of a 100% renewable energy system is evaluated for Pakistan for sustainable climate change. This study modeled three scenarios, namely, ongoing (ONG), energy saving policy (ESP), and green energy policy (GEP) scenarios using low emission analysis platform (LEAP) software for the study period 2022 to 2050 for Pakistan. The results revealed that a 100% renewable energy supply could be achieved through the GEP scenario. Model results show that the share of renewable sources in the total energy mix is 1117.08 TWh and non-renewable sources contribute only 18.12 TWh to meet the energy demand of 966.05 TWh until 2050. Non-renewable production leads to the generation of 8.85 million metric tons of carbon emissions, which is too low compared with the 135.47 million metric tons under the ONG scenario. The USD 1482.46 billion investment cost required for adding renewable energy capacity until 2050 is too high as compared with the USD 46.80 billion under the ONG scenario. Energy demand and production requirements are reduced by 34.18% under the ESP scenario until 2050. This approach can also be applicable to the majority of nations worldwide.

In this article, cadmium oxide (CdO) was deposited using pulsed laser deposition approach on porous silicon (Si) wafer for visible light photodetector application, through which a series of devices were proposed as a function of the deposition energy. The microstructural as well as optical characteristics of the prepared film/s were demonstrated, respectively, using x-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and ultraviolet visible light spectroscopy (UV–Vis) analysis. In details, the UV–Vis analysis revealed the occurrence of optical band gaps within the range of 2.38–2.42 eV , while an average nanoparticle diameter was found to be 45 nm using FE-SEM technique. This in turn demonstrated a sound relation with the photoresponsive behavior of the attained photodetectors. A photoresponsivity and specific detectivity of 1.9 μ A m W − 1 and 1.21 × 10 9 Jones were attained using 700 mJ laser energy. In the meanwhile, the estimated response/recover time of the addressed laser energy was found to be 300 s and 340 s , respectively. The photo-responsive characteristics of the fabricated devices were found to be in positive linear correlation with the applied laser energy.