Timur Zhussupov

Housing-renovation programs in post-Soviet cities typically rely on a single wear-percentage threshold to decide which buildings are demolished, disregarding the building age relative to normative service life, population density, and construction logistics. This study develops a reproducible multi-criteria GIS framework applied to the 174 buildings in Astana’s officially approved 2026–2030 renovation program. Each building was assigned a normative service life, flagged as “Condemned” (wear ≥ 61%) and/or “Dilapidated” (age ≥ normative Lifespan), scored with a composite four-variable Priority index, assigned geographic coordinates through manual online-map search, and linked to an Ordinary Kriging-interpolated population-density surface (heatmap) across all six of the city’s administrative districts. Each building was then assigned one of six differentiated renovation decisions (demolish–expand, demolish–rebuild, demolish–reduce, reconstruct–expand, capital repair, or exclude) based on its condition flags and local density class, and rescheduled across 2026–2030 to equalize the annual floor-area workload. Statistical analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between building age and wear (ρ = −0.157, p = 0.038), no significant effect of wall material on wear once construction types are consolidated into comparable categories (Kruskal–Wallis H = 5.62, p = 0.230), and highly uneven spatial concentration of Condemned buildings across the districts (χ² = 28.48, p < 0.0001). The rescheduled program reduces year-to-year floor-area imbalance from a coefficient of variation of 41.8% to 4.8%, and four buildings meeting neither condition criterion were identified as candidates for removal from the program. Limitations concerning density resolution, geocoding precision, and criterion weighting are discussed alongside a concrete agenda for spatial clustering of construction logistics, investment-sensitive decisions, and city master-plan integration.

Modular construction is a modern and efficient type of construction that has gained wide recognition in the construction industry. Limited research has been conducted on how large door openings affect the stress state of modular blocks. The present study aims to investigate the features of the stressed state of modular blocks with large door openings and the effect of size and place of the doors on the openings on the overall structural behavior of the building. Four full-scale (room-sized) modular blocks of the “lying cup” type were tested to failure under vertical loading with eccentricity simulating wind effects. The varied parameters of the specimens included concrete strength and the size of the window openings. Experimental results revealed that crack opening characteristics, main load-bearing wall deformations, horizontal deflections, and failure patterns under vertical loads are directly influenced by the small thickness and increased flexibility of the blocks. The effects of size and the placement of openings on the overall structural behavior of the building were analyzed. Tests revealed the distribution of compressive stresses in the main load-bearing walls of the “lying cup” blocks with an embedded reinforced concrete panel, considering vertical load eccentricity. Maximum compressive stresses in the longitudinal walls reached 70–80% of concrete strength, while in end walls and panel walls, they were 50–60%. Additionally, non-uniform deformations were observed in the supports of main load-bearing walls near the conjunction with the end walls and the edges of door openings. Average compressive strains in these walls were in the range of 470–500 × 10⁻⁶, which corresponds to 22–29% of the cylindrical compressive strength of concrete. Partial factors accounting for loading conditions were introduced, allowing for further processing and the evaluation of the experimental data along with developing methods of analysis of buildings constructed with modular blocks.

Статья посвящена разработке способа пространственного анализа плотности населения как фактора планирования реновации и реконструкции жилого фонда в ГИС. В рамках исследования выявлена недостаточная эффективность текущих подходов, применяемых в Казахстане для оценки и планирования сноса ветхого жилья, что обусловлено отсутствием интеграции многокритериального анализа. На основе данных города Астана за период 2003-2023 гг. предложен новый методологический подход, включающий использование программного обеспечения ArcGIS для моделирования и репрезентации плотности населения. Разработанная модель состоит из восьми операций, начиная с выделения жилых зданий (площадь полигонов от 50 до 10 000 кв.м) до создания растровых карт плотности населения с применением инструмента Kernel Density. Прогноз численности населения на 2024-2029 гг. показал рост от 1 425 740 до 1 852 552 человек, а объем ввода жилья увеличится с 2,85 до 3,31 млн кв.м. На основе этих данных создана карта прогнозируемой плотности населения, где выделены зоны высокой плотности, такие как район Байконур. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о значительных изменениях плотности населения в центральных районах города, что важно учитывать при планировании реновации. Преимущество модели заключается в её способности интегрировать данные о численности населения и вводе жилья в эксплуатацию с пространственными характеристиками зданий. В то же время её точность может быть увеличена за счет добавления данных об этажности зданий и реальном числе проживающих. Предложенный методологический подход может быть использован для планирования реновации в других городах, где наблюдается интенсивная урбанизация и дефицит современного жилья.

This article presents the results of experimental studies of the stress–strain state of volumetric blocks based on the underlying frame structures. The aim of the research is to evaluate the stress–strain state and the nature of damage development as a result of an increase in the load up to a critical level. Based on the analysis of the nature of the damage, recommendations have been developed to strengthen the destruction zone. Data were collected on the redistribution of stresses and deformations, the formation of cracks and joint openings, the magnitude of horizontal displacements, and the failure mode of volumetric blocks and floor frames. Five full-scale volumetric blocks were tested under the loading of hydraulic jacks, differing in concrete type, reinforcement, presence of doors, and dimensions of the stylobate beams. When the volumetric modules were supported by a frame floor the results revealed that the maximum destructive load of 10,462 kN was observed in the first specimen; the horizontal displacements of the walls decreased by 13–18 mm, and there was a decrease in the crack opening width to 0.5 mm. The cracks decreased the strength of the walls, leading to a redistribution of the compressive stresses and their increase in the support zone. The most significant compressive strains in concrete in the corner parts of longitudinal walls were in the range of (600–620) × 10⁻⁶, and in the middle part of the walls, 370 × 10⁻⁶ were observed. Furthermore, the largest cracks caused significant horizontal displacements (deplanation) of the walls, which decreased the stiffness of the conjunction of longitudinal walls with the floor slab and created an additional eccentricity of the vertical force. Based on the findings, the correlation between the measured parameters of each specimen at all stages of vertical load increase is demonstrated and illustrated in graphs of the measured parameters. The importance of quantity compliance with the initial rigid connection between the longitudinal wall and ceiling plate has been estimated.

Since the beginning of 2020, the "Nurly Zher" housing and communal development program for 2020-2025 came into force in Kazakhstan. Within the framework of this program there are tasks of capital repair and renovation of the housing stock. The passportization of the housing stock was adopted as one of the measures to solve this problem. At the same time there are some discrepancies in the statistical data between the Committee of Statistics of the Ministry of National Economy of the RK and Local Executive Authorities with a simultaneous increase in the volume of housing construction. This article examines the volume of residential buildings commissioned in Nur-Sultan depending on changes in the population of the city. It is assumed that as the number of people in the city will increase the volume of housing stock. To understand the volume of housing in Nur-Sultan in the period of the program "Nurly Zher" in the article gives a forecast increase in commissioned housing by 62% by 2025, compared with the value at the end of 2020. Based on the data obtained it is concluded that for a more effective solution to the problem of capital repair and renovation of housing stock an alternative approach or tool is needed.

The construction industry is one of the most unpredictable and human-dependent sectors of production. This is due to the large flow of information during construction, which requires clear organizational activities. Traditionally established methods of communication on construction sites require modernization. That is why the concept for practitioners "Building Description System and Construction Product Modeling" was developed in 1970. The building society supported this concept and called it "Building Information Modeling" - BIM. The new wave of digital design required a strong material and technical base, the analysis of existing documentation and the creation of design tools began. The authors of the article use the highly specialized NavisWorks software to analyze possible losses as a result of combining the existing design documentation into BIM models on the example of one of the Nur-Sultan projects. The residential complex located in Nur-Sultan was chosen as the object under study. The residential apartment building was chosen because of the scale of the project and its full implementation in the BIM system. The article makes a comparative analysis on finding the intersections on the principle of combinatorics. The section of structural and space-planning solutions is checked for intersections with the sections of heating and ventilation, water supply and sewerage, then the logic is repeated. Exceptional combinations are selected to check for conflicts (collisions).