Tatiana Novichenkova

At present, improving the performance properties of concrete for dry and hot climates due to changing climatic conditions is of increasing interest to a wide range of researchers from the point of view of their practical application in the production of construction products. The paper investigates the possibility of synthesizing a spatially reinforced fine-crystalline structure of cement concrete for dry and hot climates, modified with basalt dust. The introduction of basalt dust waste into the composition of cement concrete forms the structure of artificial stone with the most dense packing. This is achieved by using a complex modifier based on basalt production dust removal waste together with a plasticizing additive in the composition of concrete for dry and hot climates. The introduction of these additives allows creating the best conditions for the process of forming the structure of cement stone from the standpoint of water content. Providing water content at all stages of the synthesis of modified stone allows for the acceleration and more complete flow of hydration and structure formation processes. The combined use of additives, as studies have shown, improves the performance properties of cement concrete, and therefore its use in the production of an expanded range of building products.

The paper examines approaches to improving the efficiency of modern energy systems from the standpoint of ensuring the rational use of natural resources. The current issues of sustainable development in the energy sector are considered. Global trends are analyzed and the main directions for reducing the resource intensity of advanced energy production technologies are formulated. The significance of sustainable development factors in the energy sector that can make the energy system more attractive is determined. For this purpose, a number of innovative solutions are proposed, developed on the basis of research and analysis of real enterprises of the energy complex of Siberia. They can provide a solution not only to environmental problems of the region, but also to link all resource flows into a single complex. Such a solution is of interest not only to the heads of enterprises of the energy complex, but also to enterprises of other industries. This can also affect the solution of many social problems, the economy of the region, public health, and increase the investment attractiveness of enterprises of the energy complex.

Sustainable composites based on gypsum man-made stone are produced using a technology that excludes the firing stage. It meets the requirements for resource and energy conservation, does not harm the environment and can be used in the production of a number of biopositive building materials. The use of pure dihydrate gypsum from gypsum mold waste in the composition of sustainable gypsum composites predetermines the expansion of the scope of application of materials and products based on it. These wastes are characterized by stable physicochemical and mechanical properties. However, the features of the mineralogical composition require high costs for their use in the production of fired gypsum binders using classical technologies. Binders based on them have low strength and other physical indicators. Application without firing technology allows for the maximum use of all the unique properties of gypsum – creation of a comfortable environment, high resistance in fire conditions, good insulating characteristics, etc. By introducing highly dispersed basalt dust particles into the composition of stable gypsum composites based on dihydrate gypsum, gypsum stone is reinforced and compacted at the micro- and nanoscale levels. This is facilitated by the optimal values of the pressing force and humidity of the raw mix selected during the study. They are important technological parameters. The resulting high-strength gypsum composite is characterized by a fine-crystalline structure with higher performance indicators than conventional gypsum materials due to the screening of the moisture effect on it.

Improving the quality of construction gypsum mixtures will be determined by a number of their advantages, which determine their performance characteristics. This makes it possible to solve a number of problems related to creating a comfortable living environment, reducing the carbon footprint, ensuring energy efficiency of construction technologies and constructed facilities without damaging the environment. These problems can be solved by recycling waste from thermal power plants and products based on them in the production of modified gypsum general construction mixtures. The article examines the possibilities of using activated carbon fractions isolated from hydraulic ash waste to improve the performance properties of gypsum dry building mixtures. An overview of existing methods of using ash and slag waste in the production of binders and their disadvantages is presented. The need for innovative methods for assessing and selecting the granulometric composition of modified mixtures is substantiated. The granulometric composition of the original gypsum binder and isolated carbon fractions, which have a special internal structure, are studied. Experimental results show that modified gypsum mixtures with a carbon modifier and a selected granulometric composition provide high quality materials based on them. The work represents a valuable contribution to the use of carbon fractions of hydraulic ash waste in the production of building mixtures, opening up new opportunities for the effective processing of ash and slag waste from thermal power plants and protection from man-made pollution of the natural environment.

This work is devoted to the study of self-reinforced gypsum stone with increased strength properties and low creep due to the reinforcement of the gypsum matrix with filiform ettringite crystals. However, with this method of self-reinforcement, difficulties may arise in providing a sufficient volume of an alkaline medium when using a saturated solution of calcium hydroxide obtained by slaking air calcium lime. The method is simplified by replacing saturated lime solutions with powder mixtures of fly ash captured by electrostatic precipitator systems during combustion of coals from the Kansk-Achinsk brown coal basin at thermal power plants. Gypsum composite based on fly ash has increased strength, which confirms the possibility of effective use of fly ash from the combustion of brown coal in building gypsum composites used to create structural elements of buildings. According to the study of the results of microscopic imaging of the resulting self-reinforced structure, the forming gypsum matrix becomes denser with differently directed crystals and fly ash microspheres included in the work. Utilization of fly ash waste in the composition of reinforced composites allows not only to simplify the method of self-reinforcement, reduce costs, but also to solve the problem of recycling chemically active ash.