Tatyana Kuzmina

Major repairs of healthcare facilities can repurpose a building, increase its capacity, improve in-frastructure needed to accommodate advanced medical equipment and to ensure compliance with updated regulations and modern standards. The capital renovation of healthcare facilities constitutes a complex engineering and organiza-tional system characterized by: the multifactorial nature of technological processes, the necessity for adaptive management under regulatory constraints, stringent coordination requirements among project stakeholders. Such projects are characterized by the involvement of a large number of stakeholders pursuing versatile goals and having dif-ferent levels of knowledge in the field of construction. These factors disrupt coordination and project management. The purpose of the study is to analyze process control and engineering so-lutions made in the course of major repairs of healthcare facilities, to assess factors affecting their effectiveness, and to develop recommendations to improve these solutions. This study has developed an innovative systematic planning methodology for capital renovation of healthcare facilities, grounded in principles of preventive risk management. Implementation of this approach demonstrated statistically significant improvements across key performance indicators: a 10-15% reduction in project timelines, enhanced compliance with quality standards, and an 15-18% increase in labor productivity.

Bitumen, the primary binder in asphalt concrete, lacks sufficient resistance to prolonged mechanical and environmental stress. To improve its durability, styrene-butadiene polymers are commonly used, although they are prone to oxidative degradation and phase instability. This study proposes a nanostructured approach to enhancing the stability and performance of polymer-modified bitumen (PMB) through the synergistic use of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and hydrocarbon plasticizers-specifically, selective oil refining extracts (SORE) and vacuum distillates (VD). Short-term oxidative degradation was assessed using isothermal RTFOT aging at 153, 163, and 173 °C. A classical first-order Arrhenius kinetic model was applied, with dynamic viscosity serving as a rheological proxy for SBS network integrity. Nanomodified compositions exhibited a 6-7-fold reduction in degradation rate constant (from 13.97 × 10⁻⁵ to 1.98 × 10⁻⁵ s⁻¹) and a 25-60% decrease in the preexponential factor, indicating suppressed molecular mobility and enhanced network cohesion. Performance was validated on SMA-16 specimens, showing up to 240% improvement in shear adhesion at 50 °C and 27% higher water resistance. Rutting resistance also increased, with rut depth reduced to 1.6–1.8 mm after 20,000 loading cycles. To integrate physical, mechanical, and durability characteristics, a set of Partial Quality Criteria (PQC) was developed and used to calculate a Generalized Effectiveness Coefficient (GEC), supporting multi-criteria optimization of asphalt mixtures. These findings confirm that nanostructured dispersed systems based on MWCNTs and hydrocarbon carriers not only delay oxidative degradation but also ensure multifunctional performance gains critical for high-traffic pavement applications.

Identification of needs for production resources during repairs, restoration and reconstruction strongly relies on administrative and engineering solutions. The scope of problems, addressed by these projects, encompasses limited production and non-production resources, as well as unpredictable external risks, or ambiguous initial information about construction facilities. Today all available decision-making principles, underlying the long-term planning of capital repairs and reconstruction of civil buildings, disregard a great number of production-related and administrative factors. Advanced design software and applications, developed on the basis of various mathematical principles, used to describe construction technologies and processes, facilitate decision making by specialists responsible for the implementation of such projects. In this case, principal factors include optimal labour costs and guaranteed quality. The article outlines basic decision-making principles underlying a program of capital repairs or reconstruction of civil buildings in operation. These principles are based on computing the potential of administrative and engineering solutions. Scientific research, conducted in the process of drafting this article, encompasses the analysis of various production-related factors characteristic of production processes, including capital repairs and reconstruction. These factors are represented as a system of linguistic data flow that specifies term sets and membership functions for each condition. Most significant factors are the technical condition of permanent buildings and structures, the attitude of consumers to the subject of the study, and its operation period starting upon completion of earlier repair or reconstruction, as well as the serviceability of internal and external engineering systems. As a result of scientific research, the authors developed and tested a new method used to identify the need for construction and installation work performed within the framework of capital repairs or renovation. The novel method includes specific requirements that apply to the scope of work and the sequence of its implementation.

Housing construction is a key segment of economy in any country, as it satisfies the needs of population and ensures safe living conditions. This segment must take into account the requirements of safety, environmental friendliness, energy efficiency and limited mobility, resulting in high-quality construction products within pre-set deadlines. Due to the fact that many parties are involved in the construction of buildings, numerous processes are underway. As a result, various risk factors may arise. They may cause a failure to meet deadlines and lower quality of work. The authors propose administrative and process-related solutions aimed at eliminating the most substantial risk factors. The study solves the following tasks: analyzing the general contractor's activity in residential construction; studying risk factors that affect the building construction period; identifying actions aimed at mitigating risk factors by applying administrative and process-related solutions; developing and implementing a novel method developed on the basis of the research projects. An expert survey was conducted among the top specialists from the construction industry, and a list of risk factors arising during the construction of residential buildings was made. As a result, a method is developed that enables the pre-assessment of potential construction risk factors and elimination or minimization of their effect. This method reduces the period of construction, improves the quality of construction facilities and, on the whole, increases labor productivity.

In connection with the current demand for reducing the implementation of investment and construction projects, there is a need to determine the risks that affect the duration. Within the framework of building and construction works, there is a risk of various destabilizing factors arising, leading to economic losses and increased construction period, and consequently a decrease in labor productivity. Existing administrative barriers, maintaining and coordinating a large amount of executive documentation leads to high costs of various resources. In this regard, the work optimized the functioning of the construction control system. The study identified factors that influence the functioning of the construction control system. A rational procedure for carrying out construction control of capital construction projects has been determined. The study used such methods as: the method of expert assessments, statistical data analysis, and the Varimax rotation method. The results of the study were introduced into the activities of the organization performing the functions of a developer at the stage of construction of objects. As a result, a method of interaction between participants in the construction control system has been formed, which allows increasing labor productivity.

The environment of an underground structure is much more complex than the above-ground environment. Erosion processes are underway in soil and groundwater; groundwater seepage and soil pressure are also typical for underground environments. Alternating layers of dry and wet soil have a strong effect on concrete, and they reduce its durability. Corrosion of cement concretes is caused by the diffusion of free calcium hydroxide, located in the pores of concrete, from the volume of the cement stone to its surface, bordering on an aggressive environment, and the further transition of the substance through the phase boundary solid (concrete)–soil-aggressive environment (liquid). Due to the fact that all minerals in cement stone exist only in saturated or close-to-saturated solutions of calcium hydroxide, a decrease in the content of which in the pores of concrete as a result of mass transfer processes causes a change in the phase and thermodynamic equilibrium in the body of concrete and leads to the decomposition of highly basic compounds of cement stone and, consequently, to the deterioration of the mechanical properties of concrete (reduction in strength, modulus of elasticity, etc.). A mathematical model of mass transfer in a two-layer plate imitating the “reinforced concrete structure—layer of the soil–coastal marine area” system is proposed as a system of nonstationary partial derivative differential equations of the parabolic type with Newmann’s boundary conditions inside the building and at the interface between the soil and the marine environment and with conjugating boundary conditions at the interface between the concrete and the soil. When the boundary problem of mass conductivity in the “concrete–soil” system is solved, expressions are obtained to determine the dynamics of the concentration profiles of the target component (calcium ions) in the volumes of the concrete and soil. As a result, one can select the optimum composition of concrete, having high anticorrosion properties, to extend the durability of the concrete constructions of offshore marine structures.

This article analyzes the measures to improve the business climate in the construction sector (roadmap), implemented in Russia in recent years. The indicators of Russia in the international Doing Business rating are analyzed; an improvement in Russia's position in the field of favorable conditions for doing business, despite the difficult economic situation in the country is revealed. The main indicators of the effectiveness of optimizing the completion of procedures were the introduction of an exhaustive list of procedures with a description, the elimination of redundant (duplicate) procedures, a reduction in the duration of the procedure, and the introduction of digital technologies during the completion of procedures. Despite the reforms carried out in Russia, depending on the region, there are a number of problems of a different nature when going through the procedures at the stages of pre-design and project preparation, which entail an increase in time and financial costs. Because of this, it becomes necessary to develop additional measures to optimize procedures related to getting building permission.

The purpose of the study is to optimize the construction project of a residential complex. The paper considers the mechanism for optimizing the construction of a residential building and a quarterly road network. The study was carried out in several stages and includes the breakdown of the complex into specialized types of work, the preparation of matrices of work volumes, the calculation of construction duration, the calculation of methods for organizing work in different order, and the calculation of the estimated cost of objects. The calculation and selection of the work organization method was carried out by the method of continuous use of resources, continuous development of work fronts and the critical path method. Next, statistical modeling of the deviation of the project duration from the planned value was performed in the Microsoft Project software package. The first step was to perform a regression analysis. The second step is a correlation analysis, which allowed us to determine the degree of reliability of the project. The third step is to analyze the effectiveness of the project. In conclusion, a conclusion is made regarding the relevance of the unified estimated standards for this project.

The article discusses the problem of choosing the construction technology, which arises due to many factors. To find the optimal construction technology, it is proposed to divide the task into four stages. As a result, we come to the conclusion that it is necessary to consider this problem with the help of decision-making theory methods under conditions of uncertainty. Possible criteria for choosing the optimal construction technology are considered. The optimal production option is determined according to each criterion. Since each criterion has its own system for choosing the optimal construction technology, some sitework options do not fit on any of the criteria, therefore, according to the Paretto principle, these options can be discarded. Then, using linear convolution, one optimal construction technology is selected for each criterion. A tool for determination of the best construction technology using the methods of decision-making theory was obtained.