Ihor Oleksiv

The article presents a theoretical synthesis of academic papers, regulatory documents, and analytical reports on the sustainable development of organisations in the context of Ukraine’s European integration. The study’s relevance stems from the need for Ukrainian businesses to adapt to EU requirements amid the European integration process, as well as the specific conditions for conducting business operations during wartime. The sample was compiled in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 methodology, yielding a final selection of 89 sources (41 scholarly articles, 27 regulatory documents, and 21 analytical reports). Using qualitative content analysis and the MAXQDA software, a coding scheme was developed that integrates seven deductive categories – derived from institutional theory, legitimacy theory, stakeholder theory, the dynamic capabilities framework, and the system of harmonious development – with inductive subcategories. As the result, five thematic areas were identified: the foundations of sustainable development; harmonisation of EU and Ukrainian legislation; sustainability reporting; sustainable development during wartime, Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism and organisational sustainable development systems. The study establishes that legitimacy and competitiveness are the primary motives for pursuing sustainable development in organisations, while the Ukrainian experience adds a fourth motive to the classical typology: business survival. Based on the results obtained, a set of practically oriented conceptual foundations has been developed in the form of a matrix of driving factors and key challenges for the sustainable development of Ukrainian organisations within the context of European integration. This matrix is structured around the following criteria: institutional pressure; materiality and stakeholders; sustainable development as a system and its enabling factors; and business processes and outcomes. The proposed matrix enables organisations to prioritise sustainable development goals and identify business processes requiring urgent actions.

The article examines the interrelationship between the concepts of «leadership», «strategic management» and «digital transformation» within the context of the knowledge economy. The study is driven by the need to rethink the meaning of leadership, which was traditionally equated with the individual qualities of a manager. The aim of the article is to define the connections between «leadership», «strategic management», and «digital transformation» using bibliometric analysis and to substantiate the impact of leadership on digital transformation, environmental adaptation, and the strategic development of an enterprise. The methodological framework comprises bibliometric and cluster analysis, alongside methods of systematization, comparison, generalization, and graphical presentation of results. The information base consists of scientific publications indexed in the Scopus database. VOSviewer software was used to visualize and structure the interrelationships. The research results reveal the formation of a scientific field comprising concepts such as «human», «leadership», «organization and management», «decision making» and «artificial intelligence». Five thematic clusters were identified, reflecting the human, organizational, security, technological, and strategic aspects of the subject matter. The study substantiates the central role of leadership as an integrating element linking human potential, organizational management, and digital technologies. It establishes that modern leadership is increasingly linked to strategic decision-making, artificial intelligence, digital transformation, risk management, competence development, organizational culture, and sustainable development. The scientific value of the obtained results lies in the structuring of contemporary scientific discourse and the conceptual substantiation of leadership as a mechanism for integrating an enterprise's human and digital capabilities within the knowledge economy. Their practical significance lies in the potential to use these results to formulate digital transformation strategies, develop managerial and digital competencies, and improve strategic decision-making and organizational change management.

The article examines the interrelationship between the concepts of «leadership», «strategic management» and «digital transformation» within the context of the knowledge economy. The study is driven by the need to rethink the meaning of leadership, which was traditionally equated with the individual qualities of a manager. The aim of the article is to define the connections between «leadership», «strategic management», and «digital transformation» using bibliometric analysis and to substantiate the impact of leadership on digital transformation, environmental adaptation, and the strategic development of an enterprise. The methodological framework comprises bibliometric and cluster analysis, alongside methods of systematization, comparison, generalization, and graphical presentation of results. The information base consists of scientific publications indexed in the Scopus database. VOSviewer software was used to visualize and structure the interrelationships. The research results reveal the formation of a scientific field comprising concepts such as «human», «leadership», «organization and management», «decision making» and «artificial intelligence». Five thematic clusters were identified, reflecting the human, organizational, security, technological, and strategic aspects of the subject matter. The study substantiates the central role of leadership as an integrating element linking human potential, organizational management, and digital technologies. It establishes that modern leadership is increasingly linked to strategic decision-making, artificial intelligence, digital transformation, risk management, competence development, organizational culture, and sustainable development. The scientific value of the obtained results lies in the structuring of contemporary scientific discourse and the conceptual substantiation of leadership as a mechanism for integrating an enterprise's human and digital capabilities within the knowledge economy. Their practical significance lies in the potential to use these results to formulate digital transformation strategies, develop managerial and digital competencies, and improve strategic decision-making and organizational change management.

The object of research is the level of development of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in various sectors of the economy. The conducted research solves the problem of the lack of a comprehensive assessment of the level of development of CSR in various sectors of the economy. The research method is the construction of an analytical hierarchical model (AHP) for assessing CSR, taking into account economic, social and environmental aspects. The empirical basis of the research is an expert survey of specialists in the field of management and CSR. The research results were processed using the Expert Choice software. The data show that for enterprises in the IT (0.316) and energy (0.323) industries, the most important aspect of CSR is the working environment (0.383). The latter can be explained by the high level of digital culture, the significant importance of human capital and environmental responsibility. Enterprises of the light, food and machine-building industries received lower weight coefficients (0.104; 0.11 and 0.146, respectively), which is due to the low level of investment in employees, lower interest in environmental initiatives or low participation in social projects. In general, the AHP analysis shows that CSR in Ukraine is formed at the expense of social, labor and public aspects, while the market and financial and economic blocks play a less significant role. The applied structured multi-aspect approach to expert assessment will allow to form priorities of components and elements of CSR in different sectors of the economy. The results can be used by enterprises of different sectors of the economy to form corporate social responsibility policies. The use of the AHP model allows to structure the decision-making process, reduce the level of uncertainty and increase the validity of resource allocation regarding corporate social responsibility.

The article analyzes the components and elements of the knowledge economy as factors of corporate and social development and provides a comparative assessment of Ukraine’s position across the identified components. According to the Global Knowledge Index (GKI Report), six components of the knowledge economy are identified: pre-university education; technical and vocational and higher education; research, development and innovation; information and communication technologies; economy; and environmental, social and governance activities. The study identifies the key challenges hindering Ukraine’s corporate social development and substantiates the need for appropriate management decisions. The relevance of the study is determined by global transformations and the growing role of knowledge, innovation, digital technologies, and corporate social responsibility, as well as the need to develop an effective knowledge economy model to enhance Ukraine’s competitiveness and sustainable development.

The article highlights the problem of reflecting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the non-financial reporting of IT companies in the context of increasing regulatory pressure, global competition and organizational changes. 20 companies were studied, divided into four subgroups: Ukrainian IT service, foreign IT service, global technology and Ukrainian product companies. The method of binary assessment of the presence of each of the 17 SDGs in the company's latest non-financial report based on direct analysis of PDF documents was applied. Differences in the average SDG coverage index between subgroups were found: Ukrainian IT service companies – 9 out of 17 SDGs, foreign IT service companies – 10, global technology companies – 13.2. Most often, reports present SDG 4 "Quality Education" and SDG 8 "Decent Work", least often – SDG 1 "Eradicate Poverty" and SDG 2 "Eradicate Hunger". An ESG gap was identified in the Ukrainian technology sector: none of the five product companies studied publishes a sustainable development report reflecting compliance with the SDGs, despite the international scale of their activities. The practical significance of the study lies in considering ESG reporting not only as a tool for non-financial disclosure, but also as a mechanism for IT companies to adapt to changes in the external environment.

The article analyzes digital indices as tools for identifying the potential of digital transformation and determining the directions that have the greatest impact on the development of the modern economy. In particular, the main components of the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) are defined in detail. A comparative characteristic of the value of the digital economy and society index for 13 countries is carried out. A comparison is made for five components of the index in 2020 and 2022. Based on the data obtained, dendrograms of country clusters were constructed, which show the degree of interconnection between the components of the index, which allows us to understand which of them are developing comprehensively and which require additional management decisions and investments to balance digital progress, which was the main goal of the study. The results obtained are important when making management decisions when choosing the direction of development of the country's economy and its digitalization.

The article addresses the issue of rational resource use within the framework of the circular economy. It analyzes scientific approaches to defining the essence and principles of the circular economy and summarizes research conducted by domestic and international scholars on its implementation across various sectors. The necessity of identifying ways for efficient and rational resource utilization, reuse, and waste reduction is emphasized. These approaches contribute to the formation of a resource-efficient economy, new technological and innovative opportunities, improved environmental performance, and social responsibility toward society. The study includes an analysis of responsible consumption and production across countries worldwide, providing a comprehensive picture of their progress in implementing circular economy practices, sustainable development, and corporate social responsibility. This analysis enables the assessment of Ukraine’s position in terms of sustainability and circularity. A comparative assessment of countries, including Ukraine, regarding the level of achievement of the “Responsible Consumption and Production” criterion was conducted, taking into account their continental location. Indicators of responsible consumption and production were identified, revealing a positive trend in the reduction of municipal solid waste and CO₂ emissions in Ukraine. A comprehensive comparative analysis of indicators characterizing the effectiveness of the transition to a circular economic model was performed. Based on these indicators, a radar chart was constructed to visualize the interconnections and effectiveness of the indicators reflecting the implementation of responsible consumption and production principles. The results indicate a gradual movement of Ukraine toward sustainable development and corporate social responsibility; however, there is a need to strengthen governmental and corporate initiatives to increase resource efficiency and environmental safety. Future research will focus on developing mechanisms at the state and regional levels for the implementation of circular economy principles.

У статті здійснено аналізування економіки знань як стратегічного фактора розвитку національної економіки в умовах цифровізації та глобалізації. Знання є важливим ресурсом, який показує рівень конкурентоспроможності країни, сприяє розвитку інноваційних процесів та інтеграції країни до світового економічного простору. У науковій праці проведено порівняльний аналіз рівня розвитку країн за Глобальним індексом економіки знань у 2024 р. Основними критеріями аналізування були поділ країн за місцем розташування: Європа, Азія, Південна та Північна Америка, Океанія та Африка, а також рівні економіки знань: високий, вище середнього, середній, нижче середнього та низький. Вибірка дослідження становила 141 країну, що демонструє надійність і точність отриманих результатів. При розрахунку глобального індексу економіки знань бралися 7 галузевих індексів, а саме: початкова освіта; професійно-технічна освіта і навчання; вища освіта; дослідження, розробки та інновації; інформаційно-комунікаційні технології; економіка та сприятливе середовище. Визначено, що найкращі результати індексу економіки знань мають країни Європи і Північної Америки. Україна у даному рейтингу має середній рівень індексу, який є на рівні з сусідніми країнами, а саме: Польщею, Угорщиною, Литвою та іншими європейськими країнами: Іспанією, Італією, Литвою, Грецією тощо. За даними аналізування, окремі країни світу показують нерівномірність розвитку показників економіки знань, що говорить про необхідність цілеспрямованої підтримки знаннєво-орієнтованих та дослідницьких секторів. З метою наочного відображення елементів індексу глобальної економіки знань (GKI) України побудовано сітковий графік (радарну діаграму), оскільки вона показує збалансованість руху всіх елементів, а також відставання в певних напрямках. За результатами аналізування показників економіки знань України визначено сильні позиції країни: високий рівень початкової освіти та розвиток інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій. Водночас слабкими позиціями країни є низький рівень розвитку досліджень, розробок та інновацій, що потребує належної державної підтримки та реформ. Формування ефективної стратегії розвитку економіки знань є одним із основних шляхів підвищення конкурентоспроможності та стійкого економічного зростання України в умовах глобальних трансформацій.