Saif Ur Rahman

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of CO2 emissions, renewable energy consumption, population growth rate, exports, trade openness, labor force position and gross domestic savings on the economic growth in the chosen countries between 2013 to 2024. In order to study both, short run and long run dynamics among these variables, the study utilizes a variety of econometric estimation methods, such as panel ARDL, especially with a pooled mean group (PMG) and mean group (MG) estimator and, FMOLS, DOLS, and the Dumitrescu Hurlin panel causality test. Using the long-run results of the PMG model, it can be seen that the effectiveness of CO2 emissions, the consumption of renewable energy, population, exports, employment in the labor force, openness to trade, and savings are all positively influential in the economic growth. The validity of these outcomes is confirmed by the propensity checks based on FMOLS and DOLS estimations. Conversely, few variables are statistically significant and have a statistically significant short-run effect and error correction term is indicative of short towards long run equilibrium. A Dumitrescu Hurlin causality analysis finds two-way causation between CO2 emissions and economic growth and between renewable energy consumption and savings and economic growth. In addition, exports, population, and labor force also causally affect the GDP per capita in one direction. On balance, the findings of both environmental and macro-economic drivers in the continuous economic growth suggest that the policy necessary to promote sustainable development should be the increasing of renewable energy use, stimulation of exports, mobilization of local savings and increase in the number of working places.

Purpose: This study examines the intellectual, thematic, and geographical evolution of green technology in the nexus of sustainability, innovation, and renewable energy (2004 – 2025Q1), clarifying the field’s transition from technology-centric enquiry to systemic-transition science. Methodology: A bibliometric review of 498 Scopus-indexed articles was conducted in Biblioshiny. Performance indicators (publication and citation trends) were paired with science mapping techniques: coauthor and affiliation networks, citation matrices, keyword co-occurrence , and strategic diagram analysis. Centrality, density, and clustering metrics were used to identify leading actors, methods, and knowledge domains. Findings: Research output and impact are strongly skewed toward China (25 % of papers; 3 516 citations), yet Chinese work is embedded in dense multi country collaborations. Environmental Science & Pollution Research and Sustainability (Switzerland) constitute the journal’s core, while Ahmad and Pesaran M. Anchor authorship and methodological influence. Pesaran’s (2006) common correlated effects estimator and Westerlund’s (2007) panel cointegration tests underpin the econometric principle. Themes centered on innovation, sustainability, alternative energy, sustainable development, and renewable energies serve as basic integrators; machine learning–smart grid forms a high-density niche; and biomass performance is declining. Originality: By integrating multi-layer evidence, sources, authors, geography, methods, and thematic dynamics, this study reveals how econometric refinement, policy discourse, and South South collaboration co evolve. Strategic diagram analysis exposes latent trajectories in which niche topics migrate toward the motor quadrant, a pattern overlooked by earlier, more siloed reviews. Implications: Policymakers should pair technology deployment with green economy instruments to convert innovation into measurable decarbonization. Researchers are encouraged to complement panel econometrics with system dynamics and machine learning models, and to foreground social equity and finance dimensions that remain under examined. Strengthening South South–North knowledge corridors can accelerate context-specific transitions and diffuse best practices globally.

The intention of this research is to study how deposit rates and net asset value (NAV) influence the performance of mutual funds of Pakistan banking sector. The research employs ARDL econometric technique to explore short and long term relationships between variables of the study and mutual fund performance. Their findings reveal a strong positive dynamic relation between mutual funds and NAV and consequently, high NAV enhances mutual fund's performance in the long run. Contrarily, mutual funds have a significant negative long-term relationship with deposit rates, implying that higher deposit rates may reduce mutual funds investment due to the preference of the investors to safer, interest bearing deposits. The results of the Error Correction Model (ECM) suggest in the short term deposit rates and NAV have significant negative impact on mutual fund performance thus short term variations in these variables might not be good for mutual funds. Our findings demonstrate the dealings between market dynamics and interest rate policies on mutual fund performance in the Pakistan’s banking sector. The study has important lessons for investors and policymakers that, on the one hand, investors are to take into account economic indicators on the macroeconomic level and on the other hand, fund managers and policymakers in general should select their instruments considering both macroeconomic indicators and market tendencies.

In the context of developing economies, this study aims to investigate the insights found in the literature on economic complexity, globalization, and environmental pollution institutions. The available theoretical and empirical literature on the subject is reviewed and summarized in this work. It begins with a summary of Pakistan's environmental contamination, globalization, and economic complexity. By using the theoretical and empirical insights from the published literature, it identifies the literature in the second place. This article also clarified theoretical approaches that explain how and why they function. Third, this paper suggests three useful areas for additional study. By critically examining and combining current environmental theory and research institutions, this work advances the fields of economic complexity, institutions, globalization, and environmental degradation. The rapid urban expansion, there is frequently an increase in the quantity of energy utilized, the amount of trash created, and the amount of pollution produced. In order to lessen the amount of environmental damage that is caused by urban areas, it is essential to implement waste management systems that are both effective and environmentally friendly. This is accomplished via the use of urban planning strategies.

The aim of this research is to examine how foreign direct investment (FDI) contributes to the expansion of large-scale manufacturing in emerging nations such as Pakistan. The study made use of annual data from 1972 to 2023. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach and the cointegration method known as the "bounds test" are used to determine the short-term and long-term effects of foreign direct investment on the growth of value added in large-scale manufacturing. In the meanwhile, both short- and long-term effects of exports and foreign direct investment on MAU have been substantial. Furthermore, long-term projections indicate that exports, employment, and foreign direct investment all have a positive impact on the expansion of Pakistan's large-scale manufacturing sector, while market size also has a significant negative sign for the coefficient value and employment has a negligible positive sign. According to our findings, Pakistan should think about implementing suitable, beneficial policies pertaining to exports, employment, and foreign direct investment in order to achieve high and steady growth in the large-scale manufacturing sector in the future. By critically examining and integrating current theory and research on FDI and the expansion of the large-scale manufacturing sector, as well as with the aid of advanced technology and knowledge transfer, this study advances the field of FDI and manufacturing sector grow.

The main intention of the study is to investigate the trade openness, economic development and greenhouse gases which make their influence on environmental quality regarding G-7 countries. The study employed the Panel Ordinary Least Squares (POLS), Grangers causality test and panel ARDL model for data analysis. This study analyzes the robustness of Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis by investigating the extent to which trade openness whose have their influence on quality of environment through various environmental indicators for the period of 1970 to 2018. On the basis of empirical findings, there is long-run association exist among GHG emissions and economic development of G-7 economies. The estimated consequences present that GDP exists in bidirectional causality with the combination of green finance in long-run. Meanwhile, there is unidirectional association exist among GDP and energy consumption. This study found that trade openness among these seven economies increased the environmental degradation and disturb the environmental quality. Various safety measures are adopted to control the environment and make over the different agreements among G-7 economies to increase the trade openness and control the GHG emissions. This has shown significant effects for maximizing the GDP wealth of G-7 economies. There is a significant association exist between trade and environmental degradation with respect to these seven countries. The consequences reveal the positive relationship of trade openness with N2O and environmental quality while the positive association with the ecological footprint in overall G-7 economies. The findings make sure the inverted U-shaped EKC exists in all economies when N2O and ecological footprint are used as environmental indicators. However, this U-shaped EKC exist in all G-7 countries who have acme income level when greenhouse gases indicators are applied for the evaluation. Eventually, it recommended, if G-7 countries continue trade openness policies with energy sector reforms and maintains sustainable use of bio- capacity, then they will be able to combat environment issues with increase their development. This might increase more GDP of these economies which make stronger and development in long-run. In such a way, more financial development take over these economies make beneficial.

To combat climate change, a country needs to take part in the development of energy sources and the renovation of its energy infrastructure. Since, green energy production is frequently costly and dangerous, especially in its early stages, capital is one of the barriers to the energy revolution. The aims of the study to analyze the non-linear relationship between energy consumption, financial development, and technology innovation on green economic growth, and environmental pollution indicators including ecological footprint and carbon dioxide emission in the E-7 countries over the period of 1995 to 2022. Using a new panel non-linear autoregressive distribution model (NLPARDL) approach, the results confirm that carbon dioxide emissions, green economic growth, and ecological footprint have a positive and strong long-term correlation with the positive component of the energy use. Conversely, negative shocks are negative and significant with ecological footprint but positive and significant with carbon dioxide emissions and green economic growth. Furthermore, financial development has a positive and substantial relationship with ecological footprint in addition to having a long-term negative and large impact on carbon dioxide emissions and a negative but small impact on green economic growth in a positive shock. Similar to this, financial development negative shock coefficients are significant and negative over the long term when it comes to carbon dioxide emissions and green economic growth, and they are positively significant when it comes to ecological footprint negative component. In the meantime, the long-term positive shock of technology innovation has a negative significant correlation with ecological footprint, ecological footprint a positive and negligible correlation with green economic growth, and a positive and significant correlation with carbon dioxide emission. Similarly, technology innovation long-term negative shock coefficients for carbon dioxide emissions and green economic growth are both negative and significant; on the other hand, technology innovations long-term negative shock coefficients for the negative component of ecological footprint are positively significant. Based on the results, E-7 nations need to invest in projects that utilize energy and technology innovation to reduce environmental degradation and boost green economic growth, such as investing in energy projects and reduce the dependency on fossil fuels. The findings also suggest that to achieve the sustainable growth and environment, E7 countries must enhance the environment related technology innovations.