Dequan Wang

To improve the simulation performance of the RegCM4 model in climate simulations over the Yangtze River Basin (YRB), it is essential to determine the optimal cumulus convection and land surface process schemes from the numerous physical parameterization options within RegCM4. In this study, we selected five cumulus convection schemes (Kuo, Grell, Emanuel, Tiedtke, and Kain–Fritsch) and three land surface process schemes (BATS, CLM3.5, and CLM4.5) to configure 72 mixed schemes. Four years of short-term simulations (1990–1993) with a horizontal resolution of 50 km were conducted using ERA-Interim as the initial and boundary conditions for the 72 schemes. The climate simulation performance of all schemes in the YRB was comprehensively evaluated using a multi-criteria scoring approach. The results indicate that among the selected cumulus convection schemes, the Kain–Fritsch scheme, applied to both ocean and land, demonstrates optimal performance in simulating precipitation over the YRB, with spatial correlation coefficients between simulated and observed annual precipitation around 0.3. Compared to the Community Land Models (CLM3.5 and CLM4.5), BATS exhibits superior capabilities in reproducing the temperature features of the region, with spatial correlation coefficients between simulated and observed values typically exceeding 0.99 and standard deviations within 1.25 °C. Under the optimal KF scheme, the simulated soil moisture in the YRB using CLMs is notably drier, ranging from −7.79 to −8.39 kg/m², compared to that achieved with BATS. The findings provide a localized reference for the parameterization schemes of RegCM4 in the YRB.

Traditional multi-parameter single distribution quantile mapping (QM) methods excel in some respects in correcting climate model precipitation, but are limited in others. Multi-parameter mixed distribution quantile mapping can potentially exploit the strengths of single distribution methods and avoid their weaknesses. The correction performance of mixed distribution QM methods varies with the geographical location they are applied to and the combination of distributions that are included. This study compares multiple sets of single distribution and multi-parameter mixed distribution QM methods in order to correct the precipitation bias in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River basin (UYRB) in RegCM4 simulated precipitation. The results show that, among the selected distributions, the gamma distribution has the highest performance in the basin; explaining more than 50% of the precipitation events based on the weighting coefficients. The Gumbel distribution had the worst performance, only explaining about 10% of the precipitation events. The performance parameters, such as the root mean square error (RMSE) and the correlation coefficient (R) of the corrected precipitation, that were derived by using mixed distribution were better than those derived by using single distribution. The QM method that is based on the gamma-generalized extreme value distribution best corrected the precipitation, could reproduce the annual cycle and geographical pattern of observed precipitation, and could significantly reduce the wet bias from the RegCM4 model in the UYRB. In addition to enhancing precipitation climatology, the correction method also improved the simulation performance of the RegCM4 model for extreme precipitation events.