Xueqian Yin

Background: This study aims to develop and validate the Nutrition Literacy Questionnaire for Chinese Pre-school Children (NLQ-PSC). Methods: The reliability of the questionnaire was determined by internal consistency, the construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and the content validity was assessed by the Pearson correlation coefficient. In order to analyze the application of NLQ-PSC, we conducted a cross-sectional study among 790 pre-school children. Results: From the literature review and qualitative methods, NLQ-PSC was developed, including two dimensions of knowledge and four practice dimensions. The NLQ-PSC questionnaire had good reliability and validity. The average NLQ-PSC score of all participants was 64.1 ± 11.0, and we found that older children, girls, and children who had well-educated parents presented higher nutrition literacy. Conclusions: NLQ-PSC has been validated and has shown good reliability and validity, and it could be considered a reliable tool to assess Chinese pre-school children.

Background: This study aims to develop and validate the Nutrition Literacy Questionnaire for Chinese Pre-school Children (NLQ-PSC). Methods: The reliability of the questionnaire was determined by internal consistency, the construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and the content validity was assessed by the Pearson correlation coefficient. In order to analyze the ap-plication of NLQ-PSC, we conducted a cross-sectional study among 790 pre-school children. Results: From the literature review and qualitative methods, NLQ-PSC was developed, including 2 di-mension of knowledge and 4 practice dimensions. NLQ-PSC questionnaire had good reliability and validity. The average NLQ-PSC score of all participants was 64.111.0, and we found that older children, girl, children who had well-educated parents presented higher nutrition literacy. Conclusions: NLQ-PSC had been validated and have shown good reliability and validity, and it could be con-sidered as a reliable tool to assess Chinese preschool children.

Nutritional intervention is a basic way to prevent and treat diabetes mellitus. Appropriate whole grain intake daily is recommended. The study aimed to explore the feasibility of a kind of buckwheat–oat–pea composite flour (BOP, quality ratio of buckwheat:oats:peas = 6:1:1) as a stable food substitution and its underlying mechanisms. High-fat food (HFD) and streptozotocin injection were used to induce diabetes in rats, and buckwheat, oats, and three different doses of BOP were added to the HFD separately for diet intervention. The whole study lasted for 10 weeks, and the glucose tolerance test, lipids, liver injury, and gut microbiota were evaluated in the last week. The diabetic rat model was successfully induced. The BOP significantly changed the glucose and lipids metabolism, decreased liver injury, and changed the composition of the gut microbiota of diabetic rats. The outcomes of the current study revealed that BOP is a potential stable food substitution.

(1) Background: This study aims to find the sugar content of market beverages and estimate the sugar intake from beverages among students in Beijing. (2) Methods: Using snapshotting, we collected the sugar content of beverages through their packages or nutrition labels. Combined with the statistic of student beverage consumption, we estimated students’ sugar intake. (3) Results: The median sugar content of total beverages was 9.0 g/100 mL, among which the fruits/vegetable juices and beverages had the highest sugar content (10.0 g/100 mL). Sugar content in most beverages in Beijing was generally higher than the recommendations, and fruit/vegetable juices and beverages exceeded the most. The median of sugar intake from beverages among students was 5.3 g/d, and the main sources were fruit/vegetable juices and beverages, protein beverages and carbonated beverages. Sugar intake from beverages differed according to gender, age and living area. Higher sugar intake was found among boys, older students and rural students. (4) Conclusions: Sugar content in market beverages in Beijing were high. Gender, age and residence were the influencing factors of sugar intake. Targeted measures should be taken to decrease the sugar content in beverages, especially the fruit/vegetable juices and beverages and the sugar intake among students.