Hefni Effendi

Public perception is a key factor in port waste management because it reflects the level of awareness and concern regarding environmental conditions. This study aims to analyze the influence of perceptions regarding the impacts of pollution on waste management at the Cituis Fish Landing Site (PPI). Data were collected via a questionnaire consisting of 15 questions using a five-point Likert scale. The questionnaire was submitted to 31 respondents selected through purposive sampling, meeting the minimum sample size required for statistical analysis. The results indicate that the majority of respondents were male, primarily fishermen. Most respondents rated the current state of waste management as ranging from adequate to poor. Simple linear regression analysis indicates that the perception of pollution impacts significantly influences the perception of waste management, with a coefficient of determination of 39.3% and a correlation of 0.627. These results underscore the need for improved management, infrastructure, and community awareness to support waste management at the Cituis PPI.

This study aims to analyze garbage waste data by day in a week at the Cituis Fish Landing Base (PPI Cituis), identify the causes of waste issues, and provide recommendations for waste management and handling. The research was conducted over two weeks of observation. Data were collected through waste characterization, total and average garbage waste volume measurements, the number of waste containers, and waste type composition from several source points. The results show that waste volume tends to increase at the end of the month, on weekends, and during holidays, following higher visitor numbers and fishing activities. Inorganic waste, especially plastic was the most dominant type across all port zones. The 3 kg container representing the harbor area had the highest percentage of waste bins compared with the 4 kg and 10 kg containers. Proper waste management is necessary to minimize pollution impacts at PPI Cituis and the surrounding environment. Recommended actions include improving waste facilities, strengthening governance and regulations, and enhancing community awareness and participation.

The Eretan coastal waters, located in the northern part of Indramayu Regency, West Java, Indonesia, receive input from surrounding river flows, particularly from the Cimanuk and Cipunagara river basins. These river basins are subject to limited management in terms of pollution control, which poses potential threats to coastal community activities, including fishing. This study aims to analyse the relationship among water quality parameters and to identify the pollution status within the Eretan coastal waters. The research was conducted during both the rainy and dry seasons across six sampling locations, comprising three river mouths and three coastal water areas. Data analysis using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed seasonal variation in the interrelationship of water quality parameters. Pollution Index (PI) values indicated stable conditions during the dry season, ranging from 3.71 to 3.79, whereas values during the rainy season were more fluctuating, ranging from 1.65 to 6.01. The study concludes that water quality conditions in the study area are influenced by seasonal variation. Pollution status tends to remain stable in the dry season, categorized as lightly polluted, while during the rainy season, pollution levels fluctuate between lightly to moderately polluted. The water quality parameters that show a correlation with pollution status are TSS, turbidity, salinity, ammonia, nitrate, and nitrite.

This study aimed to assess the composition of fish communities in the Lower Ciliwung River and their relationship with environmental variables using environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding. Water samples were collected from three distinct sites along the river, and fish species were identified through their DNA markers. A total of 20 fish species were detected, including the Amazon sailfin catfish (Pterygoplichthys pardalis), Malagarasi tilapia (Oreochromis malagarasi), and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Notably, four species could only be identified at the genus level. The fish community exhibited varying species richness across the three sites, with 14 species found at Site 1, 5 species at Site 2, and 12 species at Site 3. Site 1 had the highest diversity, which was influenced by concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO) and total phosphate (TP). Site 2, characterized by high levels of total suspended solids (TSS), hosted more generalist species, while Site 3, which had elevated amounts of ammonia, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD), supported species associated with high DO availability. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) revealed that TP had the most significant impact on the distribution of the Amazon sailfin catfish at Site 1, whereas other species at Site 2 exhibited no specific environmental drivers. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of eDNA metabarcoding as a valuable method for assessing fish communities and understanding how water quality influences biodiversity. The findings underscore the need for targeted conservation strategies based on environmental parameters to protect aquatic ecosystems.

Rapid population growth in Bandar Lampung, especially in coastal areas, has impacted the environment. Pasaran Island is a small inhabited island that originally only had an area of 2 ha but has now grown to 12.02 ha due to sedimentation and reclamation carried out by the island's residents. Pasaran Island faces great challenges, especially related to carrying capacity and capacity to maintain environmental sustainability and the quality of life of its residents. This study aimed to analyze the carrying capacity and capacity of Pasaran Island. A spatial analysis approach was used to evaluate land requirements and the limits of the island's ability to support its population optimally. Spatial calculations used were according to the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works No.20/PRT/M/2007 on techniques for analyzing physical, environmental, economic, and socio-cultural aspects in preparing spatial plans. The results showed that the carrying capacity on the Pasaran Island is 0.601, which means that the carrying capacity of the settlement is low and unable to accommodate the population in the area. Based on the analysis of the carrying capacity of people, when viewed specifically on Pasaran Island, it can only accommodate 827 people, even though there are currently 1,500 residents. Thus, the results show that there is an overpopulation of 673 people.

The coastal waters of Eretan located in the north of Indramayu Regency are used as fishing grounds by local fishermen. The condition of water input, especially from the surrounding river waters, namely the Cimanuk River, Cipunagara River, and Perawan River, is thought to affect the condition of coastal waters. This study aims to analyze the trophic level based on water quality conditions. Data collection on the quality of the aquatic environment was carried out in three locations with purposive sampling considerations, namely the Cipunagara estuary, the Perawan estuary, and the Cimanuk estuary. Sampling was carried out in two different seasons, namely the dry season and the rainy season. The method used in the analysis is the TRIX Index based on nutrients, phosphate, chlorophyll-α, and DO saturation. Meanwhile, water quality parameters at each location were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). The results of the study showed that the main water quality parameters tended to differ in each season. The trophic level at the three locations had values between 4.99 and 8.59, so they had mesotrophic to hypertrophic status. This shows that coastal water conditions need to be managed so that water conditions are more stable.

This article aims to assess the ecosystem services related to water purification by analyzing the water quality conditions of three lakes in Jakarta, each with distinct characteristics. The analysis utilizes both national quality standards and the Water Quality Index (WQI). Water samples collected during the rainy and dry seasons were evaluated using the WQI, which combines various physical, chemical, and biological parameters into a single standardized score, comprehensively representing overall water quality. The study found that several water quality data points did not meet national standards for recreational use due to high levels of water pollutants. The fluctuating WQI values across the seasons indicated that seasonal variability significantly impacts water quality. The WQI scores for the lakes were categorized as medium to poor, with scores of 51.40 for Situ Babakan Lake, 45.20 for Srengseng Urban Forest Lake, and 46.20 for South Sunter Lake. Additionally, the results highlighted that water purification ecosystem services are influenced by the surrounding landscape conditions, human activities, and the presence of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) facilities. This information is expected to provide valuable insights for local government agencies to enhance lake water quality within environmental policy frameworks.

The Ciliwung River in Jakarta urban areas has been degraded, emphasizing the importance of eDNA technology in producing additional biodiversity data. This study aims to analyze the current status of biodiversity in the Lower Ciliwung River, Jakarta. A total of 1,492,975 original reads were generated from nine samples collected at three sites. The sequences refer to 22, 24, and 28 classes at sites 1, 2, and 3, respectively. At the class level, the taxonomic composition was dominated by Coscinodiscophyceae, with a higher proportion (38.3%) than Insects (13.8%), Monogononta (10.8%), Mammalia (9.64%), Mamiellophyceae (7.27%), and Polychaeta (4.52%). With eDNA, we detect aquatic organisms, including fish, plankton, benthos, bacteria, and a large diversity of terrestrial and flying vertebrates. The biodiversity level was moderate, while the dominance level was categorized as high. The Reads sequence detected from eDNA water samples varied significantly between the three sites (ANOSIM-R = 0.43, p-value < 0.05). Most biota found have a high tolerance for pollutants and toxic materials. In general, the diversity is decreasing towards the lower reaches of the Ciliwung River. Our results indicate that eDNA could become an essential tool for biodiversity monitoring in a freshwater ecosystem.

Background. The Babon River is one of the drainage channels in Semarang, Indonesia, that is used for drinking water, irrigated agriculture of paddy fields and gardens, fish farming media, and the disposal of industrial wastewater. This study aimed to assess the spatial distribution of metals in the sediment of the Babon River through the utilization of different pollution indices. These indices included concentration factor (Cf), contamination factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), sediment pollution index (SPI), threshold effect level (TEL), and probable effect level (PEL). Methods. Seven sampling locations were sampled for water and sediment in April, June, and September of 2021. The measurement of the metal was conducted using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results. The findings of the study demonstrated that sediments with a predominant sand texture exhibited higher levels of Cd and Pb, while the sediments characterized by a predominant clay texture had a higher concentration of Cr. Upon analyzing the Cf, CF, EF, Igeo, and SPI data, it has been confirmed that the sediment in the Babon River has substantial levels of Cd, Cr, and Pb. According to the TEL and PEL values, it can be observed that the presence of Cd and Pb has detrimental effects on the biological health of the benthic biota. Conclusions. The aquatic biota and the benthic environment may be subject to adverse effects in the event where the concentration of metals in the sediment is higher than the natural concentration of metals.

Our lack of fundamental knowledge about species occurrence, abundance, distribution, threats, and habitat requirements makes it challenging to conserve biodiversity in the face of rising human pressure. To obtain this information, practical and sensitive methods are required to identify and quantify the occurrence and diversity of rare, cryptic, and elusive species. Environmental DNA (eDNA) is a new technology that can help to discover and quantify biodiversity by addressing some of the limitations of conventional surveys. This study aimed to evaluate the biodiversity and composition of benthic species in the Lower Ciliwung River, Jakarta, Indonesia. The investigation was conducted from upstream to downstream of the river at the three sites during the dry season (July 2022). The DNA read sequences were used to examine the composition, relative abundance, and diversity of the samples. In this study, 1,492,975 initial reads were filtered down to 1,265,307 reads belonging to 27 species of benthic organisms. The taxa identified from the eDNA samples revealed that the most frequently detected species belonged to the family Siboglinidae, order Sabellida, and class Polychaeta. The composition of benthic species discovered in the eDNA water samples varied substantially (p ≤ 0.05). Osedax sp. (class Polychaeta) was the most prevalent species across all locations. The diversity index (H) ranged from low to moderate. eDNA offers potential advantages, but is hampered by DNA degradation, primer sensitivity, and the inability to distinguish between dead and living organisms.