Chunla Liu

【目的】在数字中国、网络强国战略背景下，如何推进数字化旅游与文化资源保护已成为传统村落可持续发展亟需解决的问题。开展传统村落数字化旅游场景构建研究，有利于推进传统村落数字化保护与发展协同。【方法】借助场景理论，运用总结归纳等方法，对传统村落数字化旅游场景的概念特点、实现框架等进行研究，并以湖南省张谷英村为例，构建了数字化旅游场景框架。【结果】①传统村落数字化旅游场景是通过对传统村落建筑景观、历史文化、节庆活动、民风民俗等旅游资源采集存储，并借助虚拟仿真平台构建而成的一种虚拟场景；②传统村落数字化旅游场景构建包括场景要素识别、旅游资源采集与保存、数字化旅游场景构建、旅游场景展示与传播4个核心步骤，最终呈现为AI语音导览、虚拟活动体验、数字文化教育、村落文化IP、虚拟旅游社区等5大数字化旅游场景；③张谷英村旅游场景要素可从空间、物质结构、多样性人群、活动和文化价值等方面进行采集与存储，可借助PC网络平台、移动智能终端、虚拟旅游体验厅对张谷英村传统村落数字化旅游场景进行展示与传播。【结论】传统村落数字化旅游场景构建研究应积极融入新技术、新方法和新思维，关注信息时代传统村落人地关系，聚焦场景实现的数字技术门槛及场景在场性问题，同时完善外部支持保障，在数字化与实践相结合中实现创新。

Traditional village tourism is an effective path to rural revitalization and an excellent way to preserve traditional sceneries and cultural heritage. However, research on the subject matter has been limited. To address some of the current research gaps, this study used 2372 online travelogues from popular travel websites to explore the spatio-temporal distribution and network structure of the tourism flow in traditional villages in western Hunan using ArcGIS and social network analysis. The main findings are as follows: (1) In terms of time distribution, the tourism flow in traditional villages in Western Hunan is dominated by short-term tourism and shows significant seasonal differences. (2) The spatial distribution forms a double-core and multipoint spatial pattern with “Fenghuang Ancient City—Zhangjiajie National Forest Park” as core. (3) The network of traditional villages in Western Hunan exhibits a “core-periphery” hierarchical structure, with a network density of 0.275. Aside from the attraction and appeal of the twin cores, Furong Town and Tianmen Mountain constitute the core points of the network structure, and the radiation drive of the core nodes is not pronounced.

With the rapid development of urbanization and modernization, the population of traditional villages migrates into surrounding areas, causing the hollowing of traditional villages. The disintegration of China’s traditional village means the loss of historical memory and cultural characteristics of ethnic regions, seriously endangering the country’s cultural heritage. To better understand the hollowing phenomenon, this study analyzed 2645 villages from the Chinese traditional village catalogue (Batch 5) and evaluated different village attributes, including location, household registration, permanent population, number of traditional buildings, cultural relics, historical buildings, and non-heritage representative projects. We constructed an evaluation index system and used the entropy weight method, comprehensive evaluation method, and correlation analysis method to quantitatively assess the characteristics and influencing factors of hollowing among traditional Chinese villages. The main results are as follows: ① The hollowing index was above 0.5; most traditional villages have entered the stage of high hollowing. ② The traditional villages with hollowing index above 0.9 comprised 92%, and those between 0.8 and 0.9 made up 6%. Those with hollowing index at intervals 0.7–0.8, 0.6–0.7, and 0.5–0.6 accounted for 0.98%, 0.30%, and 0.11%, respectively. ③ Population hollowing is the fundamental cause of traditional village hollowing. In more than 99% of traditional villages, the population hollowing index was greater than 0.7. ④ More than 99% of traditional villages have a building hollowing index greater than 0.4, and more than 92% of the villages had a per capita number below 0.1. ⑤ The cultural hollowing rate for most traditional villages was very high. The cultural hollowing index for more than 99% of traditional villages was greater than 0.7. This study provides references for government administrators and scholars in rural revitalization and traditional village hollowing governance.