Marilia Passos Magno e Silva

Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência, incidência e taxa de incidência de lesões esportivas em paratletas masculinos de voleibol sentado durante um campeonato nacional. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico descritivo, observacional e transversal. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um formulário eletrônico baseado no Protocolo de Lesão Esportiva no Esporte Paralímpico, contendo informações do perfil do paratleta e registros das lesões. A análise incluiu estatística descritiva e testes de associação. Resultados: Participaram da competição 61 paratletas do sexo masculino, sendo que 47 obtiveram dados coletados pelo formulário. Foi identificado que 55,56% apresentavam lesões prévias à competição, e 44,44% foram novas lesões ocorridas durante o evento. A prevalência foi de 21,28% e a taxa de incidência de 63,83 lesões por 1.000 atleta dias. Os membros superiores foram os mais afetados (51,85%), com predominância de lesões no ombro (25,82%) como a região mais acometida. A principal queixa foi contusão (40,75%). Não houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre a ocorrência de lesões e as variáveis idade, classe esportiva, origem da deficiência e tipo de deficiência física. Conclusão: Observou-se elevada taxa de incidência de lesões, com destaque para o acometimento dos membros superiores, especialmente o ombro. Tais achados sublinham a importância de desenvolver e implementar estratégias preventivas em múltiplos níveis para promover um ambiente esportivo mais seguro.

The aim of the study was to analyze the effort-pause (E-P) ratio in wheelchair fencing in international competitions and evaluate the relationship between the E-P, sport category, gender, and weapon. Videos of international competitions from 2016 available on YouTube were analyzed using the DartFish EasyTag™ application for Android. The Shapiro-Wilk test was applied to test data normality. Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA) was used to evaluate the relationship between variables. The significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05. In general, the matches lasted between 95 seconds and 608 seconds, which may indicate different energy systems to be used in the matches. Most matches had longer pause times, revealing greater recovery time during matches, especially for the foil (1:1.66, 15 touches, category A of men's épée; 1:2, 5 and 15 touches, category A of men's foil; 1:2.5 and 1:1.85, 5 and 15 touches respectively in category A of women’s épée; 1:2.5, 15 touches, category A of women's foil). The variables of gender, category, weapon, and type of match demonstrated that they have significant effects on the E-P ratio. Therefore, the E-P ratio can be used to adapt training sessions for different categories, genders and weapons, creating a more specific training approach. Received: 2025/10/21 Reformulated: 2025/12/09 Accepted: 2025/12/09

Introduction: Previous studies have explored the use of inertial sensors to evaluate wheelchair basketball athletes and support their classification processes; however, prior studies have primarily used sensors positioned on wheelchairs, and overlooked trunk and wrist placements, which are key areas for classification. This study investigates the optimal placement of sensors on bodies and wheelchair frames among athletes. Material and methods: Ten athletes from different basketball classes were recruited. Three inertial sensors were positioned on the trunk, right wrist, and rear region of the wheelchair. The athletes completed the 20-meter speed test and the Illinois agility test. Data on acceleration and speed (inc. data skewness, kurtosis, and RMS) across three axes (x, y, z) were compared with functional classes. Results: The 20-meter speed test identified six significant correlations in the anteroposterior axis (n = 6), including three accelerometer variables and one gyroscope. In contrast, the Illinois agility test identified twelve (n = 12), including accelerometer data (e.g., linear acceleration, r = −0.86, p < 0.01) and gyroscope data (e.g., angular velocity, r = −0.77, p < 0.01). The strongest correlations were demonstrated by sensors on the wheelchair (n = 8), followed by the wrist (n = 6) and trunk (n = 4). The anteroposterior axis presented the most correlations (n = 12). Conclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of sensor placement, test type, and movement axis in athlete classification. The wheelchair appears to be the most suitable location for IMU sensors, providing valuable data to distinguish movement patterns between low- and high-class athletes in the classification process.

- After becoming a paralympic sport, sitting volleyball experienced solid development, a fact that required a greater increase in intensity and frequency in training and competitions, contributing to increased competitiveness and the appearance of injuries.

Objective To describe the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) in para athletes in Brazil. Methods This is a cross-sectional study with Brazilian para athletes with physical impairments from all para sports. The data from 86 participants of both sexes (60 males and 26 females) were collected through an online survey that gathered sociodemographic data and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form, from March to July 2023. Results The prevalence of UI was 45.3% (n=39), with the average impact on quality of life scored at 6.1±3.5 on a scale of 0–10. Most para athletes reported moderate (43.5%) or severe (38.4%) symptoms. The most common type was mixed UI (46.1%), with an average of 3±1.9 episodes of urinary loss per athlete in the last 4 weeks. Adjusted Poisson regression (controlling for sex, age and level of competition) revealed that para athletes with orthopaedic impairments had a 58% lower prevalence of UI (prevalence ratio=0.42; 95% CI 0.24, 0.83) compared with those with neurological impairments. Furthermore, ordinal regression indicated that para athletes with neurological impairments were 147% more likely to experience a progression from ‘severe’ to ‘very severe’ UI (OR=2.47; 95% CI 1.59, 3.93). Conclusions UI is highly prevalent among para athletes, particularly those with neurological impairments, underscoring the need for specialised genitourinary healthcare and the need for further treatment and monitoring of the condition. There is a critical need to raise awareness among coaches, healthcare providers and the athletes themselves about UI and its impact to foster the comprehensive well-being of these athletes.

Objective: Analyze the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiometabolic parameters, and cardiorespiratory fitness to compile the most used HIIT training types in adults with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods: This is a systematic review of searches performed in the electronic databases PubMed / Medline, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Studies included I) needed to apply HIIT training II) adults with SCI to analyze III) cardiometabolic aspects and cardiorespiratory fitness. Two independent reviewers selected the articles for inclusion, extracted their data, and assessed their methodological quality. Results: 654 studies were found. Thus, 12 studies, 11 pre- and post-intervention, and one control group (CG) with 106 participants were analyzed. Pre- and post-HIITT intervention results revealed significant improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic aspects (VO2peak, LDH, HDL, insulin resistance). In addition, GC results revealed significant improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness observed in the intervention group (HIIT) compared to the moderate-low intensity (GC) group. Seven studies used the arm ergometer as the primary exercise modality. Two studies described functional electrical stimulation (FES) performed with the arm ergometer plus electrical stimulation in the lower limbs. None reported heart rate dynamics during the study period. Conclusion: High-intensity interval training improves physical fitness and cardiometabolic health in adults with SCI. Evidence level II; Systematic Review of level II studies.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade (HIIT) nos parâmetros cardiometabólicos, aptidão cardiorrespiratória e compilar os tipos de HIIT mais utilizados no treinamento em adultos com lesão da medula espinhal (LME). Métodos: Trata-se de revisão sistemática, para a qual foram realizadas pesquisas nas bases de dados eletrônicas PubMed / Medline, Science Direct e Google Scholar. Foram incluídos estudos em que I) o treinamento HIIT era aplicado em II) adultos com LME e analisaram III) os aspectos cardiometabólicos e aptidão cardiorrespiratória. Dois revisores independentes selecionaram os artigos para a inclusão, extraindo seus dados e avaliarando a sua qualidade metodológica. Resultados: 654 estudos foram encontrados. Desses, 12 estudos, 11 pré e pós intervenção e 1 grupo controle (GC) com um total de 106 participantes foram analisados. Resultados pré e pós intervenção de HIIT revelaram significante melhora na aptidão cardiorrespiratória e aspectos cardiometabólicos (VO2pico, LDH, HDL, resistência à insulina). Resultados do GC revelaram uma significativa melhoria na aptidão cardiorrespiratória observada no grupo de intervenção (HIIT) em relação ao grupo de intensidade moderada-baixa (GC). Sete estudos usaram o ergômetro de braço como modalidade de exercício primária. Dois estudos descreveram a estimulação elétrica funcional (EEF) realizada com o ergômetro de braço adicionando estimulação elétrica nos membros inferiores. Nenhum relatou a dinâmica da frequência cardíaca durante o período do estudo. Conclusão: O treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade melhora a aptidão física e a saúde cardiometabólica em adultos com LME. Nível de evidência II; Revisão sistemática de Estudos de Nível II.

This systematic review aimed to synthesize the literature on burnout and coping in athletes with disabilities and identify the psychological and physical variables associated with burnout and coping in this population. The present study was conducted in accordance with the updated PRISMA 2020 systematic review guidelines. The Scopus, PubMed/Medline, PsycINFO, SciELO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched. Eight articles were included in the study. Five of them investigated coping, and three investigated burnout. Their sample sizes ranged between 10 and 209 athletes with a total of 588 from the eight studies. Burnout was associated with socially prescribed perfectionism and sleep, and coping was associated with self-determined motivation, engagement, anxiety, depression, performance, and classification. This is the first systematic review of burnout and coping in athletes with disabilities that provides an overview of the studies conducted. Scientific research on the psychological constructs of coping and burnout in athletes with disabilities is in an incipient phase. The results highlight the key factors associated with burnout and coping in this population, which may inform targeted intervention strategies.

Background: Knowledge and understanding of the most diverse aspects surrounding the emergence of sports injuries stand out as one of the pillars for sporting success. Methods: A total of 41 athletes answered an online form based on the Sports Injury Protocol in Paralympic Sports (PLEEP) in which data on sports injuries during competition in the first Brazilian wheelchair basketball division were collected. Results: The athletes who composed the sample perform a high volume of training. The majority did not present with injuries before the competition. There was a prevalence of 17.1% of injuries during the competition, an incidence of 0.17 injuries per athlete and an incidence rate of 0.03 injuries per athlete-hour or four injuries per one thousand athletes-days. The injuries that occurred during the competition were mostly in the shoulder region, characterized as traumatic, by indirect contact with other athletes, which occurred when propelling the wheelchair, and were of low severity. Conclusions: The wheelchair basketball athletes presented a low prevalence, incidence and incidence rate of injuries during the competition. The shoulder region was the most affected. Structuring training sessions with the prevention of injuries in the shoulder region in mind is essential for these athletes to perform optimally.

Background: Sports injuries have physical and psychological effects that negatively affect sports performance. Although there are data available on sports injuries in wheelchair basketball, some aspects need to be clarified, such as the location, mechanisms and risk factors for injury, which are not well described due to variations and/or a lack of definition of injury. The aim of this study was to determine epidemiological information, primary injury characteristics and affected body regions in wheelchair basketball players; Methods: The PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases were used; Results: eight articles were included in this review. The shoulder was the body region most affected (N = 60; 22.1%). When divided by body segments, the upper limbs were the most affected (N = 128; 47.2%), followed by the head and/or face (N = 53; 19.5%), trunk (included spine and ribs) (N = 48; 17.8%) and lower limbs (N = 42; 15.5%); Conclusions: wheelchair basketball players suffer a large number of injuries with different characteristics that are mainly linked to biomechanics and sport. These results can be used to guide coaches in structuring training to minimize recurring injuries, in addition to assisting in the organization of medical teams in competitions.