Óscar Gilberto Alaniz-Villanueva

In melon (Cucumis melo L.) cultivation, there is very little evidence about the improvement of plants in the face of biotic and abiotic factors, photosynthetic metabolisms and crop productivity through fertilization and the addition of cobalt. The objective of our research was to demonstrate the effect of CO3 O4 NP's on growth, yield, fruit weight, TSS, firmness, cobalt content and bioactive compounds in melon fruits established in the open field. For this, a randomized complete block design was implemented with five treatments and control (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mg L -1 of CO 3 O 4 NP's) and three replicates respectively. The use of CO3 O4 NP's at a dose of 20 mg L -1 increased the yield of the melon by 40% (42-ton ha -1), compared to the control which had a yield of 30 and 50-ton ha -1. As well as an increase in the weight of the fruits with the use of NP's in the highest doses by 9% compared to the control. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the cobalt concentration in pulp and peel. Bioactive compounds increased up to 2% at a dose of 20 mg L -1. The firmness and soluble solids content of the fruit were not significantly affected. Results indicated that concentration 20 mg L -1 of NP's, provides higher antioxidant capacity and content bioactive compounds (anthocyanianins) show better performance under these experimental conditions. therefore, NP's are a viable option for improving the physicochemical properties the fruit.

Biofertilizers help to increase crop yields and nutritional quality, reducing the use of agrochemicals that affect ecosystems and human health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield and nutritional value of the Pinto Rarámuri variety bean, under an organic fertilization scheme in rainfed conditions in Durango, Mexico. Sowing was carried out in open fields in Villa Montemorelos, Durango, using a randomized complete block design with six treatments [manure tea (tea), sewage sludge (sludge), super lean (lean), commercial organic fertilizer (foc), chemical fertilizer (fqf) and control] five repetitions, 30 plots and five plants per plot as experimental unit. The variables were: emergence percentage, height and pods per plant, seeds per pod, seed thickness and length, weight of 100 seeds, yield, crude fiber percentage, protein, ash, fat, and nitrogen-free extract. A two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's comparison of means (p ≤ 0.05) were performed. The treatments showed statistical difference, the highest yield and weight of 100 seeds was presented by sludge, fqf and foc; while the highest number of pods and plant height was obtained by sludge and fqf. The lowest yield, pods per plant, seeds per pod and plant height were observed in control. The nutritional value presented statistical equality between treatments. The use of organic fertilization is a sustainable alternative to increase bean productivity in the state of Durango, without disturbing its nutritional quality.

Objetivo. Evaluar las propiedades fisicoquímicas, digestibilidad In vitro y digestibilidad aparente de nitrógeno en materia fecal y orina de cerdos de un alimento extrudido usando frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) como sustituto de harina de soya. Materiales y métodos. Se estandarizó el proceso de extrusión para dos formulaciones de harina de frijol (Pinto Saltillo), harina de maíz (Cafime) y harina de soya a diferentes proporciones: 20/67/13% y 30/60/10%, respectivamente. Las muestras se procesaron en un extrusor monotornillo a 120-150°C y 18-22% de contenido de humedad. Las propiedades fisicoquímicas evaluadas fueron: índice de expansión, densidad aparente, índice de absorción de agua, índice de solubilidad en agua, dureza, actividad de agua y parámetros de color: L*, a* y b*. La digestibilidad In vitro y digestibilidad aparente de nitrógeno en materia fecal y orina de cerdos se evaluaron usando el tratamiento óptimo previamente obtenido buscando disminuir costos de procesamiento. Resultados. Las condiciones óptimas para la formulación de 20% de harina de frijol fueron 124.4°C y 18.59% de contenido de humedad. La temperatura de extrusión redujo la densidad aparente, dureza y actividad de agua, pero incrementó L* y el índice de expansión. El contenido de humedad redujo la densidad aparente, actividad de agua, dureza y a*. La digestibilidad In vitro de materia seca fue mayor para la dieta de frijol extrudido en comparación a la dieta control (92.33% vs. 85.33%). Conclusiones. Los resultados indican que la harina de frijol es una opción viable para el consumo animal en términos de valor nutricional y digestibilidad.