Adriana Taveira

Background/Objectives: The use of digital technologies among children and adolescents has been increasing exponentially, raising concerns about the potential impacts on physical, mental, cognitive, educational, and social development. Understanding these effects is key to informing clinical and educational practices and public policies that promote digital wellbeing in childhood and adolescence. The main objective of this study was to map the latest available scientific evidence on the patterns of digital technology use by children and adolescents and its main impact, identifying risk factors, opportunities, and strategies for promoting digital wellbeing. Methods: A rapid review was carried out following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines. Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed studies published between 2020 and 2025, in Portuguese or English, that addressed the use of digital technologies by children and adolescents were included. The assessment of methodological quality was based on JBI’s Critical Appraisal Tools. Results: Ten studies from diverse contexts showed an association between excessive screen time and risks of sedentary lifestyles, sleep disorders, anxiety, depression, attention difficulties, and low academic performance. Occasional benefits arose with adult mediation and educational use; parental mediation and socioeconomic background were key factors. Conclusions: The use of digital technologies is a complex and multifactorial phenomenon that requires integrated approaches; the promotion of digital literacy, public policies for equitable access to quality digital resources, and longitudinal and intercultural studies are recommended to clarify causal relationships and adapt interventions to local contexts.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and is exacerbated by poor dietary habits, particularly in settings such as women’s prisons. Incarcerated women are often exposed to ultra-processed foods, limited nutritional education, and restricted living conditions that increase their risk of CVD. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the challenges perceived by professionals in a Portuguese women’s prison regarding the prevention of CVD, particularly through dietary interventions. Methods: A qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study was conducted using a focus group with six professionals. Data were collected in July 2024 and analysed using thematic content analysis. Results: Three thematic categories emerged: (1) contextual challenges of the prison system (e.g., sedentary lifestyle, limited food options); (2) socio-cultural resistance to behavioural change (e.g., low adherence to health programmes, use of food as a coping mechanism); and (3) the need for sustainable and interdisciplinary intervention strategies. Conclusions: The findings highlight the complexity of promoting cardiovascular health in female prisoners. Interventions need to take into account mental health support, prisoner autonomy and institutional constraints. Future research should develop and test targeted, context-specific nutrition programmes in similar settings.

Background/Objectives: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, exacerbated by poor diet, sedentary lifestyles, and precarious living conditions. In women’s prisons, diets often rely on ultra-processed foods that are nutrient-poor and high in sodium and fats, increasing cardiovascular risks. The lack of access to healthy options and the absence of nutritional education programs make prevention even more challenging. Additionally, sociocultural and emotional factors negatively influence inmates’ eating habits. Given the scarcity of studies on this relationship, listening to professionals working in this context can help identify specific needs and develop nutritional intervention strategies to promote the health of this population. The main aim of this study is to report on the challenges faced by professionals working in a women’s prison setting in relation to the prevention of cardiovascular disease, particularly in relation to eating habits. Methods: We adopted a qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive approach, using the focus group technique to collect data in a Portuguese women's prison, in July 2024. Data saturation was achieved in a single session. The data obtained was analyzed using thematic content analysis, according to Bardin's protocol (2016). Results: Three thematic categories emerged from the subsequent content analysis: 1) Contextual challenges of the prison system; 2) Socio-cultural factors contributing to resistance against behavioral change; and 3) Sustainable intervention strategy. Conclusions: This study highlights the complexity of the female prison system in addressing cardiovascular disease, with a focus on dietary habits. It highlights the significance of a multidisciplinary approach to address these challenges, as well as the urgent need to improve the production of scientific knowledge in this area, with a sense of creating and sustaining more powerful policies and strategies, effective and humanized.

Contextualização: As doenças cardiovasculares são a principal causa de morte em todo o mundo, principalmente devido ao aumento da prevalência do enfarte do miocárdio, com um impacto real no sistema de saúde e na qualidade de vida da pessoa cuidada. O desenvolvimento de intervenções preventivas de melhoria da autogestão da doença parece estar positivamente correlacionado com maiores ganhos em saúde. No entanto, verifica-se uma diversidade de práticas que não consideram as necessidades individuais da pessoa e que são insuficientes para promover a sua capacitação. Objetivos: Caracterizar os programas terapêuticos de prevenção secundária para os doentes e famílias pós-EAM, identificando e avaliando abordagens exemplares para a sua implementação. Metodologia: Scoping review estruturada pelas diretrizes Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) 2021 e a mnemónica PCC: população, conceito e contexto. Pesquisa realizada nas bases de dados Scopus-Elsevier, PubMed e Web of Science, entre setembro de 2022 e novembro de 2023. Estudos qualitativos, quantitativos e mistos, publicados em inglês, espanhol ou português entre 2006 e 2023. Protocolo registado no Open Science Framework. Resultados: Foram incluídos 46 artigos provenientes de 24 países. A qualidade de vida, os níveis de satisfação, a adesão ao regime terapêutico (nutrição, medicação, exercício físico), a literacia em saúde, os custos de saúde, o tempo de permanência, a mortalidade e as morbilidades foram os principais resultados relatados. Considerações finais: Estes programas devem ser personalizados, mais acessíveis e ajustados às necessidades emocionais e informativas dos doentes. É importante integrar modelos de prestação de cuidados inovadores na conceção de novos programas de reabilitação cardíaca, como a telereabilitação. É necessário ampliar a investigação qualitativa e mista neste âmbito, com especial enfoque nas minorias populacionais e na implementação de avaliações de custo-efetividade.

Introduction: Organizational management models influence supervisory activity in nursing. Collaborative practice between students and health professionals in the provision of person- and family-centred care allows them to evolve in the process of autonomy and knowledge transfer. However, this does not guarantee the acquisition of supervisory practices and inter-organisational interaction between the hospital and the academy, which are necessary for carrying out safe and qualified clinical procedures. However, this does not guarantee efficient acquisition of supervisory practices and inter-organizational interaction between hospital and academia, which are necessary to provide safe and effective clinical procedures. Objectives: The aim is to understand the possible dimensions of inter-organisational collaborative practice (academic and hospital), identifying its possible processes and results capable of guaranteeing the safety and quality of clinical procedures. Methods: This study emerges from a first mixed research intervention with N=50 nurse supervisors, non-randomized, using the snowball technique. We will, nevertheless, focus on its qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive approach, using the Focus Group technique in which seven nurse supervisors took part. By using Bardin's assumptions, we conducted the content analysis of the participants' speech. Results: The content analysis allowed us to recognise the Processes of Inter-Collaborative Supervision in Nursing as the main dimension of analysis. The results identify, on the one hand, potential threats, highlighted by the time dedicated to supervision and access to information in the hospital context and, on the other hand, opportunities for articulation, highlighted by the importance of involving the various actors in each context, both in planning training programmes and in using supervisory strategies. Conclusion: This study explores the collaborative processes of nursing supervision between academia and hospitals, highlighting common elements of care and education. It reveals the influence of both bureaucratic and anarchic models in shaping these relationships. The findings underscore the importance of inter-organizational coordination, which plays a critical role in effective health promotion practices.

Objectives: The aim of this study, as the first review directed at Primary Health Care, is to identify the screening practices and health outcomes related to the care provided by Family Health Teams to the malnourished elderly people/population. Methods: Following PRISMA and PICO strategies, searches were conducted in four electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus & EMBASE) on observational, qualitative, quantitative, or mixed studies, written in Portuguese, Spanish and English language, with participants of 65 years old or older at a community setting. The literature selected for this study ranges from the period 2011 to 2021; additional articles were included through reference lists. Results: From the 483 studies identified, 16 were considered eligible to use in this work. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) score appears as the main criteria of choice, however, a standardized practice in the health systems regarding the use of screening methods has not been demonstrated. Studies are more oriented towards the analysis of the relationship of mortality/morbidity and malnutrition than towards the relationship of the cost and quality of life and malnutrition of the elderly. Discussion: Malnutrition is one of the modifiable risk factors which contributes to the vulnerable condition of the elderly, with serious effects, especially when related to other comorbidities. Yet, several authors argue that the Primary Health Care intervention can minimize the negative impacts and improve the health outcomes.

Background: Development has promoted longer and healthier lives, but the rise in the proportion of older adults poses new challenges to health systems. Susceptibilities of older persons resulting from lower knowledge about services availability, health illiteracy, lower income, higher mental decline, or physical limitations need to be identified and monitored to assure the equity and quality of health care. The aim of this study was to develop equity indicators for the Assessing Care of Vulnerable Elders (ACOVE)-3 checklist and perform the first cross-cultural adaptation and validation of this checklist into Portuguese. Methods: A scoping literature review of determinants or indicators of health (in)equity in the care of older people was performed. A total of 5 language experts and 18 health professionals were involved in the development and validation of the equity and quality indicators through expert opinion and focus groups. Data collected from focus groups was analyzed through directed or conventional content analysis. The usefulness of the indicators was assessed by analyzing the clinical records of 30 patients. Results: The literature review revealed that there was a worldwide gap concerning equity indicators for older people primary health care. A structured and complete checklist composed of equity and quality indicators was obtained, validated and assessed. A significant number of non-screened quality or equity related potential occurrences that could have been avoided if the proposed indicators were implemented were detected. The percentage of non-registered indicators was 76.6% for quality and 96.7% for equity. Conclusions: Applying the proposed checklist will contribute to improve the monitoring of the clinical situation of vulnerable older people and the planning of medical and social actions directed at this group.

Objectives - The aim of this study, as the first review directed at Primary Health Care, is identifying screening/intervention tools/health outcomes that validate malnutrition in the elderly. Methods - Following PRISMA, searches were conducted in 4 electronic databases on observational, qualitative, quantitative, or mixed studies, written in Portuguese, Spanish or English language, with participants aged 65 years or older. Results - 483 studies were identified, 16 were considered eligible. The Mini Nutritional Assessment showed the highest criteria of choice, however, health systems do not demonstrate standardized practices in the screening´s use. Studies are more oriented towards the relationship´s analysis of mortality/morbidity and malnutrition than its effects on the person´s quality of life. Discussion - Malnutrition is one of the modifiable factors and contributes to the frail elderly condition, with serious effects, especially when related to other comorbidities. Yet, several authors argue that Primary Health Care intervention can improve health outcomes.