Putu Dana Karningsih

The flavor enhancer industry faces significant challenges in improving energy efficiency because steam, electricity, and cooling utilities contribute approximately 16% of the Cost of Goods Manufactured (COGM). Although Lean Manufacturing has been implemented, most improvement initiatives have focused on production output and defect reduction rather than energy efficiency. This study aims to identify and reduce operational and energy waste in the Refinery unit using the Energy Value Stream Mapping (EVSM) approach. The proposed framework integrates EVSM for process and energy flow mapping, the Dotoli Matrix for critical waste prioritization, Root Cause Analysis using the 5 Whys method for identifying the underlying causes of waste, and Heat Exchanger Network (HEN) analysis for evaluating energy recovery opportunities, thereby providing a comprehensive approach to energy mapping, waste prioritization, root cause identification, and energy recovery evaluation. The results indicate that the dominant wastes are excessive cooling energy consumption and defect waste caused by delayed thin broth handling. Improvement proposals were developed through Heat Exchanger Network integration by utilizing glutamic mother liquor-1 as an internal cooling medium, generating potential savings of IDR 1,229,384,800 per year with a payback period of 2.4 years. In addition, the implementation of an automatic spray ball system reduced tank cleaning time from 49 minutes to 19 minutes and generated potential savings of IDR 274,007,580.52 per year. The study demonstrates that integrating Lean Manufacturing and EVSM effectively reduces energy consumption and operational waste in the Refinery unit.

General Background: Procurement continuity is essential for maintaining healthcare service operations, where supplier failures can disrupt service quality. Specific Background: This study evaluates supplier reliability in provincial government healthcare facilities in East Java, Indonesia, using three key performance metrics: on-time delivery (OTD), quantity fulfillment, and order lead time, based on 2023 contract data from 13 pharmaceutical suppliers. Knowledge Gap: Traditional supplier evaluation is often static, limiting the ability to detect temporal performance shifts and future reliability risks. Aims: This research aims to develop a dynamic supplier evaluation framework by integrating time series forecasting methods. Results: Historical performance showed moderate–high reliability (OTD ≈ 80.04%, quantity fulfillment ≈ 79.3%, lead time ≈ 20 days). Forecasting with exponential smoothing and Theta methods indicated declining OTD and quantity fulfillment, alongside improved lead time performance (≈ 10 days). Forecast errors were MAE ≈ 25% and RMSE ≈ 32% for service metrics, and MAE ≈ 8 days and RMSE ≈ 9 days for lead time. Novelty: The study advances supplier evaluation by combining multimetrical reliability assessment with forecasting-based temporal detection, moving beyond one-time performance scoring. Implications: This dynamic approach supports healthcare procurement managers in prioritizing resilient suppliers, adapting sourcing strategies, and mitigating operational risks in uncertain environments. Highlights: Supplier performance exhibited fluctuating reliability patterns across monthly contract periods. Forecasting results revealed decreasing delivery and fulfillment rates with shorter shipment durations. Service compliance metrics were strongly correlated, while lead time remained relatively independent. Keywords: Public Healthcare Procurement, Supplier Evaluation, Supplier Performance Forecasting, Supplier Reliability

This study aims to develop a tailored Quality Management System (QMS) model for SMEs in the food sector, acknowledging their limited resources, the complexity of existing quality standards, and the pressing need for a contextualized, practical framework. The research adopts the Framework for Analysis, Comparison, and Testing of Standards (FACTS), comprising three main stages: a systematic review of relevant literature, expert validation through panel discussions, and preliminary field testing involving selected food SMEs. The study proposes a seven-variable QMS model designed around the PDCA cycle. The variables include leadership, philosophy-based, strategic planning, customers, quality infrastructure, quality assurance, and performance assessment. Empirical findings suggest that the model aligns well with the operational realities and strategic needs of food SMEs. It is perceived as user-friendly, adaptable, and feasible for stepwise implementation, without requiring substantial investment or intensive external support. Validation through field implementation revealed strong acceptance among SME practitioners and stakeholders. The proposed model offers a practical roadmap for food SMEs to establish an internal quality system that is both adaptive to their unique contexts and measurable in its outcomes.

Coffee plays a significant role for many smallholder farmers as their source of income. Global practices in the coffee business need quality assurance, and safety across its supply chain, which could be facilitated through traceability systems. Tracking coffee from the producer to the consumer could encourage eco-friendly farming practices and empower consumers with insights to make ethical purchasing choices. Therefore, traceability systems support coffee business requirements and environmental sustainability across its value chain. Wonosalam coffee cooperative, a group of coffee farmers and producers in Indonesia, has started providing simple traceability reports to comply with customer requirements. The report is manually hand-written on the coffee package directly. To better manage the growing coffee business complexity and provide a proper report to customers, this study proposes to develop a mobile phone-based traceability with a QR code system. This application is developed using a User-Centered-Design approach to ensure its suitability to coffee cooperative member requirements. The application has passed the user test with a high user satisfaction level, based on the System Usability Scale. This traceability system application is then extended with quality control and assurance features that enable coffee cooperative members to monitor and improve their business seamlessly.

The coffee industry in Indonesia contributes 16.15% to the plantation sector’s GDP. As coffee production increases, it leads to a rise in its waste, which can pollute the environment. Coffee waste could be processed into cosmetic ingredients, bioethanol, briquettes, cascara tea, fertilizer, and animal feed. This study aims to compare three scenarios of processing coffee husk waste into cascara tea, fertilizer, and animal feed based on economic and environmental perspectives. It evaluates the environmental and economic impacts of implementing a circular economy in the coffee and livestock industries using Life Cycle Assessment and Benefit and Cost Analysis. The use of Life Cycle Assessment to calculate environmental impacts, while Benefit and Cost Analysis aids in calculating economic impacts. The scenario of processing waste into fertilizer and animal feed was chosen because it has the best value using the Goal Programming method. This research provides insights into the application of circular economy to enhance the sustainability of coffee industry and other agriculture sectors in Indonesia.

Transformation in the digital aspect is a crucial part of the higher education development in digital age transformation. The oject of this study is to identify the transformation of digital maturity requirements in universities as higher education institutions from Indonesia, which will later be used as criteria for forming a digital maturity model. The research method is mixed, involving both qualitative and quantitative analyses. The type of research applied is the Exploratory Sequential Design, where the data is collected and analyzed with the qualitative method, then follows up the results with a quantitative one to explore a phenomenon. The content validity index applied in this study is used to validate digital maturity requirements. It has been applied to various digital technology companies, government policies in higher education systems, and management applied to multiple universities. The results can guide universities in navigating digital transformation in their institutions. This study highlights that previously proposed digital maturity models need to sufficiently consider the business processes of higher education and the need for security and privacy dimensions, which have not been extensively discussed in the literature.

While it is understandable that lean and green practices are mostly sensible for large companies, it is also important to bring these practices to small and medium enterprises (SMEs), as they are the dominant players in various industry sectors. SMEs are part of larger supply chains and contribute substantially to the economy, and thus perhaps there is a need for a workable model that attracts them to the lean and green practices. This study aims to find gaps in the lean-green research area that require development in future studies, especially for SMEs. This study uses an analysis of systematic literature reviews (SLR) and involves carefully selected articles from different databases or sources. This SLR was conducted in an effective and structured way using keywords entered into the search engine and found as many as 157 peer-reviewed journal articles, which were studied further using quantitative and qualitative approaches. The bibliometric analysis carried out made it possible to observe research trends on lean and green from 1996 to 2022. To find different research dimensions on lean and green topics, an in-depth evaluation was carried out on the linkage between lean, green, supply chain management, sustainability, and other management approaches. This study finds a lack of empirical research studies that comprehensively focus on investigating the impact of lean and green practices on the supply chain sustainability performance of manufacturing SMEs and involve all three aspects of the triple bottom line (3BL). Our review suggests such a robust and workable model for SMEs is not currently available. A limitation of our review is the use of keywords or “terms” to select articles, as well as the subjectivity of the researcher. Finally, we identify the research streams, criteria, findings, limitations, and enablers or challenges of 17 selected published journal papers on lean-green studies in SMEs and propose a number of research questions for future research directions.

A product redesign strategy can effectively shorten design lead time and reduce the manufacturing cost of innovative development for the manufacturing industry to stay competitive. Identification of function components is the basis of product redesign. Existing practices to identify the critical component and customer requirements are considered while complaint and historical failure data, crucial for improving product reliability, are frequently ignored. The objective of the article is to develop an integrated framework of product redesign and innovation considering customer requirements and product failure modes. The novel framework integrates the design for manufacturing and assembly (DFMA) and design for reliability (DFR) approaches, as well as finite element analysis to address the cost reduction of product redesign at early-stage, reliability improvement, and higher customer satisfaction. The proposed integrated framework is validated using an example of an Indonesian SME’s cooking stove. The redesigned cooking stove showed substantial improvements with 5.46% cost reductions, 20.32% design efficiency, and an 52.81% safety factor.