Wahda Shuker Al-Hinkawi

The city represents a complex adaptive system consisting of a set of interconnected subsystems within self-organization and flexible structures that give it the ability to adapt to continue operating over time. This research discusses the adaptive flexibility of the complex urban system by measuring the degree of complexity and adaptation of secondary systems within the general system depending on its kinetic and visual system, making it self-organized and within a coherent and harmonious unit. Thus, the research problem arises from “the lack of knowledge on how to determine the appropriate degree of complexity and adaptation for urban systems, providing them with adaptive flexibility that allows them to maintain their energy and ensure their survival and continuity over time”. This research aims to determine the adaptive flexibility of the complex urban system, which keeps it self-organized and able to survive depending on its kinetic and visual system that links the secondary systems of the general system based on the degree of complexity and adaptation ideal. The research adopted quantitative analysis, which includes calculating the adaptive dimensions of the complex system based on the kinetic and visual system, as well as the nodes connecting the parts of the secondary system, in addition to determining both the area and the perimeter of the study area. The historic Karkh area in Baghdad was selected for implementation because it includes a model of the complex system that originated and developed within different time stages. The system’s adaptive flexibility was calculated to determine its ability to survive and continue. This research found that it is possible to determine the strength of the urban format and its ability to survive or not, as well as the possibility of developing it, by understanding the ideal degree of adaptive flexibility for the format. This ideal degree is 1, achieved through visual and kinetic coherence among the nodes that make up the parts of the format. The farther the format is from this degree, the less adaptive flexibility it has, which affects its ability to survive and continue. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain the strength of the interconnections between the parts of the kinetic and visual system and between the parts of the complex format, which directly affects its ability to self-regulate and survive.

Literature refers to the strategy of juxtaposition impact on the level of the urban fabric, infrastructure, landscape, and the level of economic, social, and en Literature refers to the strategy of juxtaposition impact on the level of the urban fabric, infrastructure, landscape, and the level of economic, social, and en

This study explores the morphological features and capabilities of creative aggregation through a set of global case studies that use plurality-informed nomencl

Recent literature has highlighted the critical issue of urban land value and cost; properly assessing land use costs, particularly for residential and commercial purposes, is crucial in influencing urban development and investments. Therefore, the objective of this research is to create a model for land pricing that considers the urban street networks and hierarchy; by analyzing the spatial plan of the city using space syntax and evaluating the economic impact on land value, the study aims to identify the factors that influence land prices. Furthermore, the study intends to investigate the correlation between urban spatial networks, street hierarchy, and land price to create a predictive model for urban spatial land pricing. Ultimately, the study has successfully built a model for predicting the price of urban land. The case selected is evaluated and compared in three aspects of the analysis, including the urban axial assessments and urban street width, to find out their impacts on the real estate’s land price in the context of the land use distributions, which are predominantly residential and commercial types of uses. Depth map X8, SPSS, and QGIS 3.16 were used for the study evaluations and assessments. The study found that land prices are influenced by factors such as integration, connectivity, and street width. Commercial zones with good integration and wider roads tend to command higher prices, while narrow local roads generally have lower prices. This result can enhance future urban design regarding urban economy improvements and land costs.

Overcoming the issue of land value and cost in urban areas will not provide a miraculous solution to the problems there. Appropriate land use cost, especially for residential and commercial land, is just one of the issues to be settled in the debate. Therefore, this study aims to build a new urban land price determination model by investigating the urban syntactical analysis, street width, and their economic effects on land value. The study attempts to determine the impact of syntactic analysis of streets and street width on land prices; it also seeks to identify the factor most affected by the land cost. Ultimately, the study built a model for urban land price prediction. The case selected is evaluated and compared in three aspects of the analysis, including; the urban axial assessments and urban street width, to find out their impacts on the real estate’s land price in the context of the land use distributions, which are predominantly residential and commercial types of uses. Depth map X8, SPSS, and QGIS 3.16 were used for the study evaluations and assessments. The result showed a significant impact of the urban street network on the price of land; this result can be used to enhance future urban design regarding urban economy improvements.

Islamic architecture extended a wide geographical extension from China in the east to Andalusia in the west and a long-time span of more than 14 centuries. Several influences have contributed to the formation of the characters of this architecture, including the different climate, materials, and methods of construction, and the political, legislative, and religious systems. The problem with the research is that the process of defining the Islamic city according to Islamic thought is inaccurate and needs to know the motives for the emergence of Islamic cities and read them according to an in-depth view of Islamic civilization and Arab society. This study aims to identify the effect of Islamic thought on the achievement of social sustainability in planning the Arab city. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher followed the analytical approach (interpretation, criticism, and deduction) in studying the conditions of the Islamic or Arab city and knowing how close it is to the methodology of Islamic thought by studying the locations of some Arab Islamic cities that were established in different periods in the Islamic state (the city of Baghdad as a model). The study reached a set of results that emphasized the different effects in the planning of the Islamic city and the Arab city, which was based on the reasons for its emergence or the application of Islamic Sharia provisions in establishing the urban components of these cities. The study also included recommendations indicating the importance of defining the methodology in Islamic cities. And our contemporary view of these cities.

Baghdad’s historical center is a rich site of heritage and cultural values, yet it suffers from urban deterioration. Many urban spaces and historical structures are aging, which has caused a decline in the vitality and function of axes and open spaces. This research is based on the principle of facadism as one of the main approaches to the preservation and rehabilitation of historic and traditional buildings. The purpose is to address urban degradation and the spatial reconfiguration of urban space in a way that promotes its sustainability and revitalization. This research aims to formulate a theoretical framework that includes a list of interference patterns and their role in spatial reconfiguration. This will be applied to the spatial reconfiguration and development of Al-Rasheed Street in the historic center of Baghdad. A questionnaire elicited the opinions of experts, designers, and implementers in academic and executive institutions on the possibility of reshaping local spaces using facadism. The results of the questionnaire showed that experts support the possibility of adopting this method in spatial reconfiguration in order to intervene in the degradation of historical environments, and also to create a homogeneous and interconnected urban environment that prevents the eradication of cultural and urban heritage. By adopting the preservation of a façade in its various forms, considerations need to be made regarding its compatibility with the nature of the problems in the study area and the ineffectiveness of the pattern of dismantling and transferring a building to another place. This is due to the importance of the historical place and the need to preserve all its historical items within the fabric, in addition to the effectiveness of some detailed patterns in different items of formation.

Cities pass through growth stages of distinction and deterioration. Many cities that have emerged distinctly in terms of their urban and economic characteristics may witness stages of deterioration and the loss of their competitiveness. This research clarifies the issues involved in the treatment of cities as brands used to gain competitive advantage and thus sustainable growth, unlike traditional development strategies that have proven no longer as productive as before. The research raises a question about the components of city branding and the most important sustainable strategies for branding a contemporary city as well as their impact on its competitiveness. To answer this question, it develops a comprehensive theoretical framework for the concept of city branding as sustainable development approach, and determines the most important strategies to achieve it. Four strategies are presented; differentiation, creative city, experience city and tourism city. Finally, indicators have been extracted that can be applied to make Baghdad a competitive city through the sustainability of its cultural branding.