Abdulaziz A. Alturki

For 16 source-located Class I reactions at 1 bar, the 4% CO ₂ finite-charge 50% conversion boundary lies a median 93.8 K below the pure-CO ₂ step boundary. Feed-specific targets distinguish favorable chemistry from attainable conversion.

Global data center electricity demand is projected to double to 945 TWh by 2030, yet no optimization framework jointly sizes renewable generation, battery storage, hydrogen export infrastructure, and flexible computing loads within a single industrial hub. This paper develops a two-layer techno-economic workflow for an integrated renewable–hydrogen–data center hub in Yanbu Industrial City, Saudi Arabia. HOMER Pro provides baseline capacity sizing and dispatch across four scenarios; a Pyomo-based mixed-integer linear program, calibrated to within 2% of the baseline, then extends the system to include a 60 MW data center (30 MW critical, 30 MW flexible), multi-sink hydrogen allocation (domestic, ammonia, methanol), and low-grade waste heat recovery. Battery storage emerges as the dominant cost–carbon lever: its removal raises the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) from 0.052 to 0.181 USD/kWh (+250%) and increases CO₂ emissions from 1.83 to 2763 kt/yr, a factor of 1510. The Integrated Hub reduces annualized costs by 8.2% (36.9 M USD/yr) and emissions by 28% relative to a separate-build counterfactual, driven by shared PV–battery infrastructure and hydrogen export revenues of 58.5 M USD/yr. Export demand raises the electrolyzer capacity factor from 8.65% to 24.3%, cutting the levelized cost of hydrogen from 10.5 to 6.8 USD/kg. Waste heat recovery reduces the levelized cost of heat by 17%, and co-location lowers the levelized cost of compute by 23% (from 0.055 to 0.042 USD/GPU/hr). These results provide quantitative design principles for industrial hub planners considering data center co-location in high-solar regions with hydrogen export ambitions.

This study offers an in-depth analysis and optimization of a microgrid system powered by renewable sources, designed for the efficient production of hydrogen and dimethyl ether—key elements in the transition toward sustainable fuel alternatives. The system architecture incorporates solar photovoltaic modules, advanced battery storage solutions, and electrolytic hydrogen production units, with a targeted reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and the enhancement of overall energy efficiency. A rigorous economic analysis was conducted utilizing the HYSYS V12 software platform and encompassing capital and operational expenditures alongside profit projections to evaluate the system’s economic viability. Furthermore, thermal optimization was achieved through heat integration strategies, employing a cascade analysis methodology and optimization via the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS), yielding an 83% decrease in annual utility expenditures. Comparative analysis revealed that the energy requirement of the optimized system was over 50% lower than that of traditional fossil fuel-based reforming processes. A comprehensive assessment of CO₂ emissions demonstrated a significant reduction, with the integration of thermal management solutions facilitating a 99.24% decrease in emissions. The outcomes of this study provide critical insights into the engineering of sustainable, low-carbon energy systems, emphasizing the role of renewable energy technologies in advancing fuel science.

This study, grounded in the strategic urgency of green hydrogen for energy transition, addresses the economic constraints currently impeding its widespread adoption. Using HOMER for in-depth renewable energy modeling, the research assessed various configurations, most notably a Generic PV system with a nominal capacity of 11,437,177 kW, yielding an annual production of 20,348,133,376 kWh/yr at a levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of $0.0114 $/kWh. Through a detailed exploration of electrolyzer modifications—achieving a specific consumption rate of 43.8 kWh/kg and a capacity factor of 22.6%—and the integration of fuel cells, as well as a comprehensive sensitivity analysis highlighting the significant impacts of capital cost reductions, the study identifies pathways to a more feasible green hydrogen production cost, reducing levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) from $18/kg to $10.3. Notably, these findings offer crucial insights into battery augmentation, capital cost dynamics, and determinants for minimizing LCOH. The results present a valuable roadmap for policymakers and industry stakeholders, emphasizing emerging research avenues pivotal for the evolution of the green hydrogen economy.

Hexavalent chromium reduction using iron powder has the advantages of being efficient and capable of degrading pollutants, as well as inexpensive and simple to procure. The performance of a new rotating fixed-bed batch reactor in treating aqueous solutions containing chromium hexavalent ions with...

Carbon dioxide is a byproduct of our industrial society. It is released into the atmosphere, which has an adverse effect on the environment. Carbon dioxide management is necessary to limit the global average temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius and mitigate the effects of climate change, as outlined in the Paris Agreement. To accomplish this objective realistically, the emissions gap must be closed by 2030. Additionally, 10–20 Gt of CO₂ per year must be removed from the atmosphere within the next century, necessitating large-scale carbon management strategies. The present procedures and technologies for CO₂ carbonation, including direct and indirect carbonation and certain industrial instances, have been explored in length. This paper highlights novel technologies to capture CO₂, convert it to other valuable products, and permanently remove it from the atmosphere. Additionally, the constraints and difficulties associated with carbon mineralization have been discussed. These techniques may permanently remove the CO₂ emitted due to industrial society, which has an unfavorable influence on the environment, from the atmosphere. These technologies create solutions for both climate change and economic development.