Radovan Đurović

Stone bridges, all around Europe stand as enduring testaments to engineering mastery, cultural heritage, and historical continuity. They served as crucial infrastructural lifelines, connecting communities and fostering trade routes. Their enduring presence symbolizes the craftsmanship and innovation of their eras, reflecting diverse regional styles and technological advancements. Geometric documentation of a stone bridge provides critical insights into its structural integrity, aiding in preservation efforts. Accurate data obtained through geomatic techniques ensures informed conservation decisions, safeguarding the bridge's historical significance for future generations. This paper focuses on the geometric documentation of the Ribnica Bridge in Podgorica, Montenegro.

This study deals with the use of VIKOR method in finding the optimal solution for a special-purpose geodetic network design. It is about a multi-criteria compromise ranking method developed in 1986. Based on previously defined criteria functions related to precision and reliability, four acceptable alternative solutions were firstly established. Then, with the aim of finding the optimal one, those solutions were subjected to VIKOR method. The geodetic micro-network used in this study was simulated as a trilateration one and consisted of six control points discretizing a structural geometry as well as four, five or six reference points (pillars), depending on what alternative solution it was about. The optimal network design should have ensured the detection of deviations of the control points' positions in accordance with a priori introduced tolerances and constraints. It turned out the approach based on VIKOR method is a very efficient tool in tasks involving multiple conflicting requirements referred to a geodetic engineer and in the cases when the decision must be made in a short term.

In this paper, an original modification of the generalised robust estimation of deformation from observation differences (GREDOD) method is presented with the application of two evolutionary optimisation algorithms, the genetic algorithm (GA) and generalised particle swarm optimisation (GPSO), in the procedure of robust estimation of the displacement vector. The iterative reweighted least-squares (IRLS) method is traditionally used to perform robust estimation of the displacement vector, i.e., to determine the optimal datum solution of the displacement vector. In order to overcome the main flaw of the IRLS method, namely, the inability to determine the global optimal datum solution of the displacement vector if displaced points appear in the set of datum network points, the application of the GA and GPSO algorithms, which are powerful global optimisation techniques, is proposed for the robust estimation of the displacement vector. A thorough and comprehensive experimental analysis of the proposed modification of the GREDOD method was conducted based on Monte Carlo simulations with the application of the mean success rate (MSR). A comparative analysis of the traditional approach using IRLS, the proposed modification based on the GA and GPSO algorithms and one recent modification of the iterative weighted similarity transformation (IWST) method based on evolutionary optimisation techniques is also presented. The obtained results confirmed the quality and practical usefulness of the presented modification of the GREDOD method, since it increased the overall efficiency by about 18% and can provide more reliable results for projects dealing with the deformation analysis of engineering facilities and parts of the Earth’s crust surface.

In this paper geodetic works during the excavation of tunnels are presented, with specific example of Mrke Tunnel on the highway section Smokovac -Mateševo in Montenegro. All phases of geodetic works have been presented, such as the construction of underground and overground geodetic networks, control of tunnel excavation process, as well as geodetic works on the monitoring of radial deformations during the excavation. The New Austrian Tunnel Method (NATM) has been implemented for the excavation of the Mrke Tunnel, therefore the concept of active geotechnical design was presented and the review of specific geodetic works on surveying and monitoring with reference to its application was provided. The geomorphological conditions of the surveyed structure have also been presented.