Qining Wang

The National Virtual Simulation Experimental Teaching Project (NVSETP) is one of the five "Golden Courses" launched by the Ministry of Education (MoE) of the People's Republic of China. These courses need to adhere to the Golden Course standards, which include offering a curriculum that is innovative, challenging, and designed to develop higher-order thinking skills through rich content and novel teaching methods. Students receive opportunities for both practical and theoretical learning that guide them in engaging in innovative thinking and practice. This article discusses the teaching design for practical courses based on Virtual Simulation Technology, grounded in the Outcome Based Education, and drawing from the construction of the first batch of NVSETP Teaching Centers and Projects. It primarily addresses four aspects of teaching: objectives, curriculum content, methods, and assessment. Taking the lack of real experimental engineering conditions and high-risk, high-cost practical operations as the starting point, this paper designs the teaching content and methods; Revising the traditional experimental teaching process, this paper adopt blended learning methods. Evaluates the learning effect of students through the real-time feedback of virtual simulation software, further reforms the teaching and improves the teaching effect. The paper provides a reference for constructing Virtual Simulation Experimental Teaching Projects and reforming practical course teaching.

During Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, O atoms are dissociated on the surface of Fe-based catalysts. However, most of the dissociated O would be removed as H₂O or CO₂, which results in a low atom economy. Hence, a comprehensive study of the O removal pathway as formic acid has been investigated using the combination of density functional theory (DFT) and kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) to improve the economics of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis on Fe-based catalysts. The results show that the optimal pathway for the removal of dissociated O as formic acid is the OH pathway, of which the effective barrier energy (0.936 eV) is close to that of the CO activation pathway (0.730 eV), meaning that the removal of dissociated O as formic acid is possible. The main factor in an inability to form formic acid is the competition between the formic acid formation pathway and other oxygenated compound formation pathways (H₂O, CO₂, methanol-formaldehyde); the details are as follows: 1. If the CO is hydrogenated first, then the subsequent reaction would be impossible due to its high effective Gibbs barrier energy. 2. If CO reacts first with O to become CO₂, it is difficult for it to be hydrogenated further to become HCOOH because of the low adsorption energy of CO₂. 3. When the CO + OH pathway is considered, OH would react easily with H atoms to form H₂O due to the hydrogen coverage effect. Finally, the removal of dissociated O to formic acid is proposed via improving the catalyst to increase the CO₂ adsorption energy or CO coverage.

Oxy-fuel combustion technology is an effective way to reduce CO₂ emissions. An ionic liquid [emim][Tf₂N] was used to capture the CO₂ in flue gas from oxy-fuel combustion plant. The process of the CO₂ capture was simulated using Aspen Plus. The results show that when the liquid–gas ratio is 1.55, the volume fraction of CO₂ in the exhaust gas is controlled to about 2%. When the desorption pressure is 0.01 MPa, desorption efficiency is 98.2%. Additionally, based on the designability of ionic liquids, a hypothesis on the physical properties of ionic liquids is proposed to evaluate their influence on the absorption process and heat exchanger design. The process evaluation results show that an ionic liquid having a large density, a large thermal conductivity, and a high heat capacity at constant pressure is advantageous. This paper shows that from capture energy consumption and lean circulation, oxy-fuel combustion is a more economical method. Furthermore, it provides a feasible path for the treatment of CO₂ in the waste gas of oxy-fuel combustion. Meanwhile, Aspen simulation helps speed up the application of ionic liquids and oxy-fuel combustion. Process evaluation helps in equipment design and selection.

Cu-Mg-Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with amine modification were prepared by an organic combination of an anionic surfactant-mediated method and an ultrasonic spalling method using N-aminoethyl-γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane as a grafting agent. The materials were characterized by elemental analysis, XRD, SEM, FTIR, TGA, and XPS. The effects of the Cu²⁺ content on the surface morphology and the CO₂ adsorption of Cu-Mg-Al LDHs were investigated, and the kinetics of the CO₂ adsorption and the photocatalytic reduction of CO₂ were further analyzed. The results indicated that the amine-modified method and appropriate Cu²⁺ contents can improve the surface morphology, the increase amine loading and the free-amino functional groups of the materials, which were beneficial to CO₂ capture and adsorption. The CO₂ adsorption capacity of Cu-Mg-Al N was 1.82 mmol·g⁻¹ at 30 °C and a 0.1 MPa pure CO₂ atmosphere. The kinetic model confirmed that CO₂ adsorption was governed by both the physical and chemical adsorption, which could be enhanced with the increase of the Cu²⁺ content. The chemical adsorption was suppressed, when the Cu²⁺ content was too high. Cu-Mg-Al N can photocatalytically reduce CO₂ to methanol with Cu²⁺ as an active site, which can significantly improve the CO₂ adsorption and photocatalytic conversion.