Altynbek Khamit

Urban green infrastructure plays a crucial role in enhancing environmental resilience in cities, particularly in arid regions characterized by water scarcity, soil salinity, and high climatic stress. However, arid coastal cities remain insufficiently studied with regard to spatially explicit assessments of the structure and dynamics of green infrastructure. This study evaluates the state and spatial organization of urban green infrastructure in Aktau, Kazakhstan, over the period 2015–2025, with the most recent satellite observations obtained in June 2025. Sentinel-2 satellite imagery was used to calculate seasonal Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) values, and zonal statistics were applied to assess intra-urban differentiation across functional zones. In addition, inventory-based indicators—Green Planting Density (GPD), Structural Composition of Greenery (SCG), and Protective Green Infrastructure (PGI)—were integrated to complement the remote sensing analysis. The results indicate a moderate overall increase in mean NDVI values (from 0.21 to 0.28), with the most significant growth observed in central and coastal areas (ΔNDVI = +0.12; ΔSAVI = +0.21), while industrial and newly developed zones exhibit only limited changes. Despite these localized improvements, the spatial configuration of green infrastructure remains fragmented, reflecting a persistent center–periphery asymmetry in urban greening. These results underline the importance of irrigation practices and spatially targeted greening strategies for improving vegetation conditions in arid urban environments. The proposed integrated approach combining satellite-derived vegetation indices and inventory-based indicators can serve as a useful tool for monitoring urban green infrastructure and supporting evidence-based planning in arid coastal cities.

The growth of a city causes a complex of problems related to the increase in the pollution of the urban environment and the shortcomings in its improvement. The territory of the modern city is characterized by the highest man-made loads on the natural environment. The main problems are the low level of green areas, as well as the reduction in trees in many areas, which does not allow the city residents to live comfortably. Currently, Earth remote sensing methods using the vegetation index (NDVI) are one of the dominant means of assessing the condition. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to assess the ecological condition of the green zone in the city of Aktobe. To solve this problem, complex assessment was carried out, including statistical data analysis and the processing of satellite images by calculation of the NDVI for green areas and their mapping. The article analysis lies in the field of development and landscaping of the urban environment of Aktobe. A description of the current state of the system of green areas in the city was provided. On the basis of the data of remote sensing of the earth, the spatial features of the separate classes of the total phytomass of green plants within the city of Aktobe and the spatial features of the territorial zones of the city were determined during the differentiation of green plantings. A study of the dynamics of changes in the vegetation cover index (NDVI) during 2010, 2016, and 2023 allowed us to identify trends in the development of green spaces and their changes over time due to city growth and other factors. The data obtained as a result of the research can be used in the justification of urban planning decisions, landscape planning of the ecological infrastructure of the city, and optimization of landscaping systems.

Существует несколько факторов, определяющих дифференциацию цен на жилье в городе Актобе. Это качество жилья, состояние квартир, расположение, близость к центру, экологическое состояние, транспортная доступность и т.д. Благодаря своей востребованности и высокой инвестиционной привлекательности город в последние годы опережает среднеказахстанские показатели по темпам роста цен на жилье. Одним из наиболее динамично развивающихся рынков жилья в Казахстане является город Актобе. Развитие рынка недвижимости способствует развитию национальной экономики, тем самым создавая благоприятный инвестиционный климат для инвесторов. Повышение уровня доходов жителей может увеличить доступность жилья в городе за счет инструментов фискальной политики. Актуальность статьи связана с необходимостью анализа тенденций и перспектив развития рынка недвижимости города Актобе, так как имеет большое социальное значение для участников рынка. Целью исследования является анализ влияющих факторов и тенденций развития рынка недвижимости в городе Актобе. Сравнительным методом анализа проведен рынка жилой недвижимости. Методами исследования, использованными в статье, являются статистический анализ данных, ретроспективный анализ и логические подходы. В заключении исследования было установлено, что существует множество различий в индексе доступности жилья и в тенденциях развития рынка недвижимости в схожих географических и экономических условиях города Актобе.