Yaroslav Navrotskyi

The purpose of the study is to substantiate organizational and economic mechanisms for enhancing the competitiveness of Ukraine’s machine-building industry under conditions of war and post-war industrial recovery. The methodology combines statistical analysis of official data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the National Bank, and sectoral reviews for 2021–2025 with conceptual modeling of an organizational and economic mechanism that combines clustering of enterprises on a territorial-sectoral basis with Kohonen self-organizing maps for multidimensional classification by competitiveness level. It is established that the industry’s operating profitability (11,4 %) exceeds the average industrial level, while foreign trade remains weak and investment activity is predominantly restorative. Key barriers are identified: shortage of qualified personnel, power supply disruptions, and limited access to financing. Practical recommendations on production localization, development of sectoral clusters, and the introduction of annual competitiveness monitoring based on Kohonen maps are substantiated.

The market of agricultural machinery is formed under the influence of three groups of subjects – producers, consumers, and resellers, but it is the latter that remain the least studied link, although they determine the availability, price conditions and range of machines for agricultural producers. The purpose of the study was to provide a comprehensive description of commercial enterprises as subjects of the agricultural machinery market of Ukraine in terms of structural, organisational, financial, economic, and import-commodity dimensions. Methods of statistical grouping, analysis of dynamics series, comparison, structural and graphical analysis, calculation of market concentration indices (Herfindal-Hirschman Index and CR5 concentration coefficient), and calculation of derived indicators of financial and labour productivity on the arrays of the state statistics service and the state customs service of Ukraine for 2015-2025 were used. It was established that the network of wholesale trade enterprises decreased from 1,043 in 2021 to 943 in 2025, while restoring total profit to USD 113.7 million and sales volume up to USD 2,519.3 million. The transformation of the functional role of commercial enterprises is revealed: the share of foreign equipment in sales increased from 73.9% in 2015 to 88.5% in 2025, which indicates their transformation mainly into import distribution channels. There was a discrepancy between the natural and cost indicators of imports, due to the rise in price and premium accumulation of the range: the average customs value of a wheeled tractor increased from USD 17.9 to USD 22.4 thousand. The influence of the military factor on the territorial structure of the network was quantified. The practical significance of the results lies in the development of an analytical basis for the state policy of supporting the sale of Ukrainian equipment, regulating the import dependence of the market, and developing a competitive environment in the trade link of the agricultural market

The article is devoted to the study of the current state and prospects of the post-war development of the agricultural machinery industry. The author identifies a number of challenges for the industry caused by the war, economic difficulties and structural problems: the impact of the war, production trends, human resources, and government support. The concentration of agricultural machinery enterprises in Ukraine is divided into three groups of regions. During the war, the largest losses of agricultural machinery enterprises have been observed in the regions that are partially occupied and are (or were) in the combat zone. The analytical study of the dynamics of the number of active agricultural machinery enterprises by regions of Ukraine in 2021-2024 showed that during the war, the largest losses of agricultural machinery enterprises were observed in the regions whose territory is partially occupied and which are (or were) in the combat zone. The largest losses of the industry's enterprises are observed in the eastern and southern regions, which have been most affected by the hostilities. The negative general trend towards a reduction in the number of people employed in the machine-building industry in general and in the agricultural machine-building industry in particular, the flow of labor resources to small businesses indicates a deep crisis in the industry, a decrease in production, especially of innovative high-tech products, a loss of competitive advantages of domestic machine-building products, a simplification of the production process and a critical loss of human resources. The author proposes measures to support the priority development of domestic machine building for the agro-industrial complex, while the postwar recovery of the industry requires a comprehensive approach, including modernization of production, financial incentives, education reform and attraction of foreign partners.

The production of agricultural machinery is one of the main factors in the functioning of the market and a source of material and technical support for agricultural production. The following methods were used in the study: dialectical, monographic, statistical and economic, graphical, index, correlation and regression, etc. The principles of regional location of agricultural machinery enterprises depending on the availability of metallurgical base, energy and human resources are determined. The negative impact of the war on the reduction in the number of active enterprises in the industry is determined, namely, a reduction by 30 units in 2022 compared to 2021. The general tendency of the industry's enterprises to become unprofitable until 2017 (loss of UAH 35.2 million in 2016) was identified. Thanks to a program of partial compensation for the cost of equipment, the industry has become profitable since 2017 (UAH 849.3 million in profit in 2021). The tendency to reduce the production of tractors, combines, and plows is identified, and the reasons for this tendency, including the loss of markets in the CIS countries, are indicated. The prospects for the production of sowing equipment are determined. The index of revealed comparative advantages of different countries for certain types of equipment is analyzed; in Ukraine, only tillage equipment has a high level of advantages – 1.802. The correlation and regression relationship between the production and export of tractors from 2010 to 2021 is quite high r = 0.8982 and R2 = 0.8069, respectively. The problems that hinder the development of the agricultural machinery industry are identified: inflation, disruption of logistics links and loss of suppliers, high energy prices, etc. The author proposes strategic directions for the development of agricultural machinery in Ukraine: creation of favorable investment conditions; implementation of protectionist customs and tax policies for enterprises in the industry; evacuation of enterprises from the combat zone. The proposed measures will contribute to the preservation and restoration of the Ukrainian agricultural machinery industry.

The production of agricultural machinery and equipment in Ukraine is one of the main sources of supplying the market with resources and facilities for agricultural production, but as of 2023, it does not fully meet its needs. According to the relevance of the subject matter, the purpose of the study was to investigate the trends in the development of the agricultural engineering industry in Ukraine in dynamics, the impact of military operations on it, and to work out effective ways to overcome their negative consequences. The following methods were used: dialectical, statistical and economic, graphical, index, correlation and regression analysis, empirical, comparative analysis, analytical forecasting, abstract logical, etc. The principles of regional placement of agricultural engineering enterprises are defined, depending on the availability of raw materials, energy and labour resources. The structure of enterprises in the industry by category is determined – most of them are small enterprises (85.8-91.5%), but the majority are employed by medium-sized enterprises (59.1-79.3%). Due to military operations, the number of active enterprises in the industry has decreased by about 30 units. The trend of reducing the production of tractors, combine harvesters, and some types of tillage machines in Ukraine and the reasons for its occurrence are revealed. The prospects of production of sowing equipment in Ukraine are substantiated. The index of identified comparative advantages of different countries by individual types of machinery is analysed, and it is found that in Ukraine only tillage machinery has a high level of advantages – 1.802 and has optimistic prospects for development. The paper defines a close correlation between the export and production of tractors in Ukraine in 2010-2021 (the corresponding correlation coefficient – 0.8982). Problems that hinder the development of the agricultural machinery industry are identified: inflation, disruption of logistics links and loss of suppliers, high prices for energy resources, etc. Recommendations for overcoming them are proposed: creating favourable investment conditions; implementing protectionist customs and tax policies for industry enterprises; evacuating them from the war zone. The proposed measures will contribute to the restoration, preservation, and progressive innovative development of the potential of agricultural engineering un Ukraine

Considering the lack of elevator capacities and the imbalance in the distribution of commodity flows due to the occupation and blocking of seaports, other modes of transport are currently unable to provide the required volumes of grain for export, and the safety of the harvest is under threat. Therefore, the issue of logistics development in war conditions is urgent, which determines the relevance of the study. The purpose of the study is to analyse the pre-war and current state of the grain logistics system and to identify efficient ways of its development during the war and after its end. The study is based on the following methods: dialectical, historical, monographic, abstract-logical, systematic and classification, analytical forecasting, statistical, economic, economic-mathematical, and graphical. Investigated the length of roads in Ukraine and forecasted the reduction of roads due to military operations. The analysis of exportimport logistics was performed, and the advantages of maritime transport were determined, the share of which in exports was 99.5%, and in imports, the majority of transportation was by rail (44.9%). The state of elevator capacities was explored, the lack of which in 2021 amounted to 18.3 million tons (17.4%), the volume of their losses due to hostilities in 2022 was determined – 12.6 million tons (22.2%), the impact of the war on the growth of prices for grain storage services was analysed. A critical analysis of the infrastructure projects of the National Council for the Restoration of Ukraine from the Consequences of the War is performed and identified their disadvantages. The proposed measures to improve logistics will allow for reducing the lack of elevator capacities, increasing grain exports, accelerating the movement of products across the border and reducing logistics costs. The results of the research can be used by public authorities in the establishment of programs for the development of agrarian logistics, business structures – for the development of infrastructure projects and improvement of logistics systems of enterprises, scientists – for further investigation of grain logistics problems and determining the prospects for its development.

Papers of participants of the III International Multidisciplinary Scientific and Theoretical Conference «Theory and practice of modern science», held on April 1, 2022 in Kraków are presented in the collection of scientific papers.

The analysis of the current state of material and technical support of agricultural production, in particular agricultural machinery, seeds and fuel. Problems of technical equipment of agricultural production are revealed, shortcomings of domestic machine building are pointed out. Ways to reduce the dependence of the equipment market on imports are proposed. A short-term forecast of providing agricultural enterprises with technical means, taking into account the impact of hostilities, has been made. Problems and prospects of development of domestic seed production taking into account changes of climatic conditions of managing are covered. Effective ways to improve the domestic seed system using the tools of state regulation for its further transformation are proposed. The main trends in the world and domestic fuel 75market are identified. A short-term forecast of prices and fuel consumption in the agricultural sector of the economy has been made.

The purpose of the article. On the basis of an in-depth analysis of the state of seed production in the country and the state of scientific support for the organization of state regulation of seed production in Ukraine to offer scientifically sound proposals for its improvement, using the experience of advanced countries in crop production. To substantiate measures aimed at improving the system of payment of royalties and domestic legislation in the field of crop production, to provide proposals to reduce the dependence of agricultural production on seed imports. Research methods. Methods used: monographic (analysis of the state of scientific support of the organization of state regulation of seed production in the country); statistical (to reflect the state of domestic seed production in quantitative and cost terms through a system of absolute and relative indicators); analysis of time series, structural changes (for analysis and identification of trends in seed production in Ukraine); tabular and graphical (visual display of research results in the form of tables and graphs), comparison (comparison of economic indicators), abstract-logical (generalization and formulation of conclusions). Research results. The current state and prospects of scientific support of the organization of state regulation of seed production development in Ukraine are analyzed. Problems of development of domestic seed production are defined. The experience of leading countries in the field of seed production and the possibility of its use in Ukraine are highlighted. Scientific novelty. The existing information on the organization of state regulation of seed production development in Ukraine is summarized. Proposals have been developed to improve its scientific support. New, scientifically substantiated approaches to improving the system of royalties, regulatory framework and identified ways to reduce the import dependence of seeds are proposed. Practical significance. The proposed ways to overcome the existing problems in the industry will raise it to the level of world powers through a change in approaches to royalty payments, increase the productivity of seed farms and improve the legal acts governing seed production in Ukraine. Tabl.: 5. Figs.: 5. Refs.: 30.