Raymond S. Malikula
Current Organizations / Institutes
The organizations/institutes from the scholar's latest article
Research Subjects
Raymond S. Malikula has a total of 4 co-authors. Here are the top co-authors by number of shared publications:
- Chikumbusko Chiziwa Kaonga
Department of Physics and Biochemical Science, Malawi University of Business and Applied Sciences, P/Bag 303, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi
1 shared publication - Fabiano Gibson Daud Thulu
Department of Physics and Biochemical Sciences, Malawi University of Business and Applied Sciences (MUBAS), P/Bag 303, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi
1 shared publication - Harold Wilson Tumwitike Mapoma
Department of Physics and Biochemical Sciences, Malawi University of Business and Applied Sciences, Private Bag 303, Blantyre 312225, Malawi
1 shared publication - Petra Chiipa
Physics and Biochemical Sciences Department, Malawi University of Business and Applied Sciences (MUBAS), P/Bag 303, Chichiri 312225, Blantyre 3, Malawi
1 shared publication
Latest Publications
- Open Access
Heavy Metals and Nutrients Loads in Water, Soil, and Crops Irrigated with Effluent from WWTPs in Blantyre City, Malawi
Heavy metals may cause acute and chronic toxic effects to humans and other organisms, hence the need to treat wastewater properly, as it contains these toxicants. This work aimed at assessing zinc, copper, cadmium, and chromium in water, soil, and plants that are irrigated with effluent from Manase and Soche Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) in Blantyre, Malawi. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) was used to assess the heavy metals. Heavy Metal Health Risk Assessment (HMHRA) on plants (vegetables) around both WWTPs was also conducted. Average daily dose (ADD) and target hazard quotients (THQ) were used to assess HMHRA. Physicochemical parameters were determined using standard methods from American Public Health Association (APHA). The heavy metal ranges were below detection limit (BDL) to 6.94 mg/L in water, 0.0003 to 4.48 mg/kg in soil, and 3 to 32 mg/L in plants. The results revealed that plants irrigated with effluent from WWTP had high values of aforementioned metals exceeding the Malawi Standards and WHO permissible limits. Furthermore, the health risk assessment values showed that vegetables consumed for a long period of time from Manase WWTP were likely to cause adverse health effects as compared to those from Soche WWTP.
Open AccessHeavy Metals and Nutrients Loads in Water, Soil, and Crops Irrigated with Effluent from WWTPs in Blantyre City, Malawi
Heavy metals may cause acute and chronic toxic effects to humans and other organisms, hence the need to treat wastewater properly, as it contains these toxicants. This work aimed at assessing zinc, copper, cadmium, and chromium in water, soil, and plants that are irrigated with effluent from Manase and Soche Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) in Blantyre, Malawi. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) was used to assess the heavy metals. Heavy Metal Health Risk Assessment (HMHRA) on plants (vegetables) around both WWTPs was also conducted. Average daily dose (ADD) and target hazard quotients (THQ) were used to assess HMHRA. Physicochemical parameters were determined using standard methods from American Public Health Association (APHA). The heavy metal ranges were below detection limit (BDL) to 6.94 mg/L in water, 0.0003 to 4.48 mg/kg in soil, and 3 to 32 mg/L in plants. The results revealed that plants irrigated with effluent from WWTP had high values of aforementioned metals exceeding the Malawi Standards and WHO permissible limits. Furthermore, the health risk assessment values showed that vegetables consumed for a long period of time from Manase WWTP were likely to cause adverse health effects as compared to those from Soche WWTP.