Trijani Suwandi

BACKGROUND: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by progressive periodontal tissue destruction and dysregulated inflammatory responses. Current therapies mainly target bacterial infection but are often less effective in controlling inflammation. Tea (Camellia sinensis) contains bioactive polyphenols with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a promising alternative therapeutic candidate. However, molecular interactions of tea-derived compounds with inflammation-related proteins through molecular docking remain unclear. This study evaluate the binding affinity and interaction profiles of tea-derived compounds with inflammation-related to periodontitis protein targets using molecular docking.METHODS: Ligand and protein structures were retrieved from public databases and prepared using standard optimization protocols. Toxicity and pharmacokinetic properties were predicted using ProTox-3.0 and SwissADME, respectively. Molecular docking was performed using CB-Dock 2.0 with AutoDock Vina, and ligand-protein interactions were analyzed using Discovery Studio.RESULTS: All tested compounds, including catechin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), theaflavin, and thearubigin showed low predicted toxicity. Theaflavin showed the strongest binding affinity across multiple targets, particularly against IRAK-4 (−9.8 kcal/mol), TLR4 (−9.2 kcal/mol), and IKK-β (−9.5 kcal/mol), supported by stable hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions.CONCLUSION: Among all compounds, theaflavin exhibit strong multi-target binding potential against key inflammatory proteins in periodontitis, followed by EGCG and thearubigin. These findings support their potential as alternative or adjunctive anti-inflammatory agents, although further in vitro and in vivo validation are required.KEYWORDS: periodontitis, tea polyphenols, theaflavin, molecular docking, inflammation, NF-κB pathway

Background: Bacterial plaque is one of the sources of oral health problems that can cause cavities and periodontal disease. One way to minimize the risk of dental and oral diseases is to carry out good and proper plaque control. Plaque control can be supported by the use of disclosing agents that visualize bacterial plaque well so as to increase motivation and education in the community to evaluate their oral hygiene. Objectives: This article reviews the use of disclosing agents with natural ingredients as one of alternative choices that can be used to prevent harmful side effects from certain synthetic dyes, such as erythrosine. Literature review: One example of a natural ingredient that can be used as a natural dye is the red dragon fruit peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus) through the maceration method to produce a disclosing agent in the form of a gel preparation. Conclusion: After going through a series of preparation tests on the gel formulation, it was concluded that the red dragon fruit peel extract formulation has the potential as a disclosing agent to visualize bacterial plaque in the oral cavity well.

Background: Tooth loss can be caused by periodontal disease, caries, and other factors. Dental implants made of titanium are a common solution to replace tooth loss. Titanium grade 5 (Ti-6Al-4V) is often chosen for an implant. Modern commercial implant surface roughness (Ra) ranges from 1 to 2 μm. Surface roughness has an important role in osseointegration. The acid etching method can be used to improve surface roughness. This study evaluates titanium alloy surface roughness after etching with varying concentrations of H3PO4 acid.Method: A laboratory experiment with a pre-test and post-test group design. 25 titanium alloy samples were divided into 5 groups (n=5) and treated with saline, HCl 37%, and H3PO4 acid 38%, 48%, and 58%. Surface roughness was measured using a surface roughness tester, while EDS and SEM tests analyzed titanium composition and surface characteristics.Result: The titanium used in this study is a titanium alloy. Surface roughness modification using acid had a higher roughness compare to saline with significant different (p0.05). Referring to the SEM results, each acid showed morphological changes on the surface and for saline there were no morphological changes.Conclusion: Varying concentrations of H3PO4 acid can effectively improve the surface roughness of titanium alloys, with solutions at 48% and 58% demonstrating similar effectiveness to 37% HCl acid.

Bacterial plaque is a common source of dental and oral health problems such as caries and periodontal diseases. Tooth brushing, flossing, usage of interdental brush, and rinsing with antiseptic are solutions for removing bacterial plaque. Bacterial plaque on the surface of the teeth cannot be seen directly, so the usage of a supporting tool, namely a disclosing agent is needed to visualize the presence of bacterial plaque. A disclosing agent can be in the form of a gel, solution, or chewable tablet. Production of disclosing agents using synthetic dyes like erythrosine has many drawbacks. An alternative natural ingredient that can be used as a substitute is dye made from rosella flower petals. The petals have a natural red-colored pigment that comes from anthocyanin compounds and can be obtained through extraction using the maceration process. The extract is formulated into a gel to optimize its effectiveness. Gel has more advantages compared to other forms disclosing agents in terms of shelf life. Physical stability test of gel made with rosella flower petals extract is needed to observe its longevity during storage. Through this literature review, it was concluded that natural coloring compounds found in rosella flower petals have potential to be used as a disclosing agent in identifying bacterial plaque.

Periodontal disease is an oral health problem, a global concern according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Data from the Global Burden of Disease 2016 indicates that severe periodontal disease ranks 11^th in global prevalence and is expected to rise. Periodontal disease, caused by bacterial plaque, is a leading cause of tooth loss, impacting mastication, aesthetics, and quality of life. Plaque, a biofilm of microorganisms, triggers a chronic inflammatory response leading to dysbiosis and clinical disease. Microorganisms like Streptococcus sanguinis and Porphyromonas gingivalis play a crucial role in forming periodontal biofilm, with virulence factors that damage tissues. While chlorhexidine gluconate is effective in removing biofilm, it has long-term side effects. Therefore, natural ingredient-based mouthwashes are being researched. Rosella flower petals (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) have antibacterial properties inhibiting S. sanguinis and P. gingivalis. They also exhibit antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Previous studies found Rosella extract effective in inhibiting biofilm formation of these bacteria compared to chlorhexidine, but its effects in mouthwash formulations are unstudied. The phytochemical, organoleptic, pH, viscosity, antibiofilm activity of various mouthwash formulations containing Rosella petals extract has been evaluated. Rosella extract showed significant antibiofilm activity against both bacteria. The formulations maintained acceptable organoleptic properties, stable pH levels, and consistent viscosity. Higher Rosella concentrations correlated with increased effectiveness. Rosella extract is a promising natural ingredient for mouthwash, providing effective therapeutic antibiofilm activity against periodontal pathogens better than chlorhexidine. Further research is recommended to optimize formulation and assess long-term benefits and safety.

Background: The aim of the present parallel clinical study is to evaluate the efficacy of 3D-printed biopolymers compounded with osteoconductive material (beta-tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite) for soft tissue closure after tooth extraction. Materials and Methods: this study followed the CONSORT reporting guidelines; 39 patients were treated with socket preservation using 3D-printed biopolymers and randomly divided into 3 groups (Test 1, Test 2, and Control). All cases were treated without flap elevation, careful cleaning and debridement of the sites, and then randomly sealed as follows: In T1, with a 3D-printed disk of poli-D-lactic acid with 10% of hydroxyapatite; in T2, using a 3D-printed disk of poli-ε caprolactone with 20% of β-tricalcium phosphate; and in T3, the socket was left open to heal. At baseline (extraction time) and 6 weeks after extraction, the rate of exposure was evaluated and stratified according to the site (anterior, posterior). Results: No dropouts were observed during the 6 weeks follow-up. All sites underwent uneventful healing with no complications. For posterior teeth, Test 1 and Test 2 showed full healing of the soft tissues with a reduction of the exposed area from 46.5 ± 8.25 mm² to 0.6 ± 0.84 mm² and from 47.1 ± 8.67 mm² to 0.6 ± 0.7 mm², respectively. The Control group exhibited a reduction from 45.6 ± 7.25 mm² to 1.2 ± 0.9 mm². Both Tests 1 and 2, when compared to the Control group, showed statistically significant better healing (p < 0.05). Anterior teeth showed a complete closure of the socket 4 weeks after the extraction with no noticeable differences between Test and Control. Conclusions: Both materials used in this study showed evidence to achieve the purpose. Ethical Guidelines: written informed consent was obtained from the participants of the study, as requested by the Ethics Committee for Health Research Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, with the following number: 641/S3/KEPK/FKG/5/2023.

The surface roughness of an implant material (titanium alloy) is an important factor in optimizing osseointegration. Various efforts have been made to optimize the roughness of implant materials, such as acid etching. Previous research showed etching with sulfuric acid ((H2SO4)) at a temperature of 60 °C for 60 minutes could increase roughness. However, further research is needed regarding the concentration of H2SO4 that can optimize surface roughness. This research aimed to determine the concentration of H2SO4 that can be used to obtain optimal roughness. This study used a pre-test and post-test group design by immersing titanium alloy plates in a solution of saline water (negative control), 12.17 M HCl (positive control), and (H2SO4) at various concentrations, namely 6.94 M, 9 M, and 11.06 M for 60 minutes at 60 °C. Next, a surface roughness test and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were carried out. The research results were analyzed statistically using the Shapiro-Wilk, Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests. The results showed that in the (H2SO4) group, there were significant differences before and after treatment (p < 0.05). The higher the concentration of (H2SO4) used, the higher the surface roughness value. The SEM test showed that the group with a higher (H2SO4) concentration had a rougher topography and more visible grooves. In conclusion, etching with (H2SO4) can increase the surface roughness of titanium alloys, and (H2SO4) at a concentration of 11.06 M led to the highest roughness value in this study.

Periodontitis is a chronic, multifactorial, inflammatory disease, associated with plaque biofilms and characterized by the progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting structures. Periodontal diseases can increase the inflammatory response in patients, which might exacerbate the systemic symptoms and clinical course of coronavirus (COVID-19). The potential association of periodontitis and COVID-19 severity can be explained by the alteration in the expression of cellular receptors enhancing the virulence of SARS-CoV-2 and by periodontal pockets acting as viral reservoirs. These associations between periodontitis and COVID could be due to the fact that both diseases share common immune pathways such as the NF-κB pathway, NLRP3/IL-1β pathway, and IL-6 signaling pathway as well as common risk factors such as gender, lifestyle, and comorbidities. This suggests that the two diseases may be linked through the same genetic pathway.

Introduction: The destruction that occurs in peri-implantitis, if left untreated, can eventually lead to dental implant failure. Autogenous growth factor is prepared by centrifugation of whole blood samples and has been widely applied in wound healing and tissue regeneration. This platelet concentrate can be used alone or in combination with other biomaterials for soft tissue healing or bone formation. CGF (concentrated growth factor) is a derivative of PRF (platelet-rich fibrin) and has the same 3-dimensional structural complex as PRF. However, it contains more growth factors than PRF and has a more rigid fibrinogen structure. Aims: The objective of this systematic review is to obtain scientific data related to the use of concentrated growth factors in peri-implantitis treatment in order to avoid dental implant failure. Method: A total of 5,339 studies were initially identified from the three databases (Wiley, Researchgate and Google Scholar) between January 2018 and July 2023. Result: Three randomised clinical trials (RCTs) were selected for analysis. Conclusion: Concentrated Growth Factor (CGF) can be employed in combination with bone graft material for the treatment of peri-implantitis, with the objective to prevent dental implant failure that may result from peri-implantitis. However, it is not the sole recommended approach.

Dental implant is currently the best choice of treatment to restore mastication, aesthetics, and phonetics functions. Dental implant is a biocompatible screw-like titanium fixture that is surgically placed into the jawbone, enabling the replacement of missing teeth that is more aesthetically biomimetic and comfortable. The recent dental implant is based on the concept of osseointegration, meaning that the implant material could naturally and predictably bond with bone. In the first case, a 28-year-old male patient with missing tooth 46 was rehabilitated with Strauman Blt implant. In the second case, a 66-year-old- female patient is missing tooth 46 and was rehabilitated with BTK implant. Both of the cases used screw-retained metal porcelain crown. Both patients did not have any systemic disease. One should comprehend the basic knowledge of implant before doing the placement to achieve maximal result. Both of the two cases were done successfully without any difficulties and no complaint post 4-month insertion.