Kanbibi Nursapina

This article discusses the issue of pasture degradation in the West Kazakhstan region, which has been caused by a significant rise in the population of saigas (Saiga tatarica). This study aims to quantify agricultural losses and establish the relationship between saiga numbers and ecosystem changes. The research methodology incorporates field observations, agroecological observations, and mathematical analysis. Correlation and regression analyses were performed. The application of correlation and regression models confirmed a statistically significant relationship between the growth of the saiga population and the decline in hay yield: increasing animal numbers lead to a reduction in pasture productivity. The greatest losses were recorded in the Bokeiordinsky district, where grazing pressure exceeded 62.5%. It was concluded that urgent measures are needed to regulate the saiga population, restore degraded land, and introduce rotational grazing. Mechanisms for the adaptive management of wild populations that take into account the interests of the agricultural sector were proposed. The findings obtained can provide a solid foundation for informed decision-making in agricultural and environmental policy within the region.

This article assesses how the combined effects of rapid agricultural land‑use expansion and the saiga (Saiga tatarica) migrations influence Kazakhstan’s agricultural sector and evaluates sustainable land‑use solutions that reconcile production and biodiversity goals. Drawing on data from the Ministry of Ecology and field studies in the West Kazakhstan, Atyrau, and Kyzylorda regions, we quantify direct financial losses from crop damage, costs of restoring fences, irrigation and farm buildings, as well as foregone yields. Spatial analysis and statistical modeling identify three “hot” vulnerability clusters and seasonal loss dynamics (up to 60% in summer, ~16% in spring). The research spans five annual migration cycles and incorporates stakeholder consultations with farmers and conservation authorities to refine interventions. Practice-oriented measures are proposed – protected migration corridors aligned with traditional routes, farmer compensation schemes and integrated population- management strategies (scientific monitoring, local co-management, economic incentives) – to harmonize biodiversity conservation with sustainable agriculture.

The article discusses the issue of pasture degradation in the West Kazakhstan region, which has been caused by a significant rise in the population of saigas (Saiga tatarica). The study aims to quantify agricultural losses and establish the relationship between saiga numbers and ecosystem changes. The research methodology incorporates field observations, agroecological observations, and mathematical analysis. Data were collected in areas heavily affected by saiga migration in 2024. Correlation and regression analyses were performed. The results showed that hay yield decreased by 14 kg/ha for every additional 1,000 saiga individuals. The greatest losses were recorded in the Bokeiordinsky district, where grazing pressure exceeded 62.5%. It was concluded that urgent measures are needed to regulate the saiga population, restore degraded land, and introduce rotational grazing. Mechanisms for the adaptive management of wild populations that take into account the interests of the agricultural sector were proposed. The findings obtained can provide a solid foundation for informed decision-making in agricultural and environmental policy within the region.

Цифровизация сельского хозяйства является ключевым фактором модернизации материально-технической базы растениеводства, способствующим повышению его эффективности и устойчивости. В условиях глобальных вызовов, таких как изменение климата и рост населения, внедрение современных технологий, включая Интернет вещей, большие данные и искусственный интеллект, становится необходимым для обеспечения продовольственной безопасности. Данная статья анализирует влияние цифровизации на аграрный сектор, рассматривая как преимущества, так и вызовы, с которыми сталкиваются фермеры при переходе на новые технологии. Исследование основано на анализе существующих научных публикаций, статистических данных и примеров успешных внедрений цифровых решений. Результаты показывают, что использование технологий точного земледелия и автоматизации процессов может привести к значительному увеличению урожайности и снижению производственных затрат. Однако высокие капитальные затраты и недостаток квалифицированных кадров остаются основными препятствиями для мелких и средних фермерских хозяйств. В заключение подчеркивается важность комплексного подхода к внедрению цифровых технологий, который включает в себя не только технологические, но и социальные и экономические аспекты, что является необходимым для достижения устойчивого развития сельского хозяйства в будущем.

Financing of R&D at enterprises is the subject of the study. The problem of assessing the degree of investment in R&D at industrial enterprises for management purposes is solved. These findings are explained by the assumption of linear dependence of the volume of R&D investment of a particular enterprise on the aggregate industry R&D investment taken as a benchmark. The tendency of R&D investment growth in the industry, as well as the regularity of R&D investment at the surveyed enterprises were confirmed. Time series of R&D investments were analyzed for the enterprise under assessment and for the whole industry using trend smoothing methods. The particularities of the obtained results are expressed in the application of comparable coefficients (investments in R&D and sales volumes of the enterprise's products), as well as the use of the developed evaluation methodology in enterprise management. The practical significance of this study lies in its ability to offer recommendations for increasing R&D investment in large industrial enterprises in the developing economy. Keywords: evaluation, investment, investment level, R&D, metallurgical industry, enterprise management.

The object of the study is investment in R&D of enterprises. The problem of developing a mechanism for managing the level of R&D investment at industrial enterprises has been solved. The results are obtained: – gradation of R&D investment levels at enterprises based on the application of the beta coefficient calculation methodology adapted to the R&D sphere; – distribution of city-forming enterprises of the metallurgical industry by R&D investment levels: high level – 27 % of surveyed enterprises, average – 18 %, low – 55 %, critical – 0 %; – development of a matrix based on the comparison of the level of R&D investment and the level of sales volumes of the enterprise's products calculated according to one algorithm. For each cell of the matrix, management decisions of strategic nature are proposed to increase the level of R&D investment. The results obtained are explained by the assumption of a linear relationship between the size of R&D investment of a particular enterprise over time and aggregate industry R&D investment (as a benchmark). The tendency of R&D investment growth in the industry, regularity of R&D investments of the surveyed enterprises were confirmed, time series of R&D investment both at the evaluated enterprise and in the industry as a whole were processed using trend smoothing. The features of the obtained results lie in the application of comparable coefficients (investments in R&D), as well as in the application of the developed assessment in the management of the enterprise. The practical significance of this study results is the possibility of applying the obtained conclusions and recommendations to increase the level of R&D investment of large industrial enterprises in the volume, scope and conditions corresponding to the developing economy

The object of the study is energy efficiency and innovation activity of industrial enterprises. The literature review has shown that the problem of the nature of mutual influence of energy efficiency and innovation activity of the enterprise remains unresolved. The following problem was investigated: existence and nature of dependence of energy efficiency and innovation activity of industrial enterprises. This problem is solved in this study based on the construction of trend lines on the average annual dynamics of changes in energy efficiency, the share of intangible assets and the share of R&D results of large industrial enterprises for 2018–2022. The following results were obtained: – indicators of the share of intangible assets and R&D results directly affect the energy efficiency indicator; – the indicator of energy efficiency does not affect the indicator of the share of intangible assets, while it has a direct impact on the indicator of R&D results. These results explain the priority of the indicator "share of R&D results" in innovation activity for the energy efficiency of enterprises, as it is based on real production. The features of the obtained results consist in the application of comparable correlation analysis coefficients, confirming the existence of a direct relationship between these parameters. The paper provides recommendations on the use of the obtained results at the level of strategic management of an industrial enterprise. The practical significance of this study is the possibility of applying the findings and recommendations to improve the energy efficiency of industrial enterprises in their innovative development in the scope and conditions corresponding to the developing economy

The minimum level of state support in Kazakhstan does not allow agricultural enterprises to intensively update equipment and technologies due to a low level of profitability, even taking into account state support. The high level of competition in agriculture forces agricultural producers to make every effort and use every opportunity to ensure the production of competitive products. The remaining financial resources are insufficient to ensure normal reproduction, and only state support allows agricultural enterprises to acquire the minimum necessary assets. The main goal of the article is to make a literature review on the innovation development in agriculture and identify factors impacting it. The authors emphasized the current problems and proposed innovative improvements to the current state of agriculture. The low level of education of farmers and lack of a regional knowledge transfer system together with the production and financing problems does not allow the development of innovative agriculture. Methods of statistical data analysis, literature analysis, state policy review, systematic approach, content analysis, and comparison were the methodological research tools. A systematic approach allows identifying common system properties and qualitative characteristics of elements of an innovation system. Content analysis compares literature studies. Statistical data analysis gives a visual picture of innovation related information for a period. Literature and state policy analysis enrich existing knowledge and research gaps for influencing agricultural innovations determinants. Key factors affecting the development of innovative processes in agriculture are the level of financial resources of organizations, the level of motivation to innovate, and the ability of organizations to create innovations or replicate innovations that have already been created. In our opinion, the state should organize research or project calls involving all necessary stakeholders where the implementation point is agribusiness, as innovation requires collaboration, ideation, implementation, and value creation. Currently, state research calls are organized separately for research not necessarily involving end users and implementation and commercialization of innovative ideas, which are not always interesting for agricultural producers. Key words: innovation, agricultural sector, entrepreneurship, agricultural policy, Kazakhstan.

Современный кризис мирового туристического рынка и возможности выхода

В настоящее время одной из приоритетных задач агропромышленного комплекса Казахстана является обеспечение населения молоком и молочными продуктами за счет собственного производства, преодоление зависимости Казахстана от импортных поставок. Основными целями данной отрасли в Казахстане являются осуществление политики страны по ее развитию, росту конкурентоспособности отечественного производства и достижению высокого качества продукции. Всемерное повышение качества продукции является одним из основных факторов увеличения масштабов и эффективности производства молока. Уникальные свойства кобыльего молока, включая его лечебные и питательные качества, обуславливают необходимость его эффективного развития. В связи с этим особенно актуальными являются проблемы производства и переработка экологически чистого кобыльего молока. В ходе проведенного исследования дана экономическая концепция производства и переработки экологически чистого кобыльего молока. С этой целью нами был сделан анализ конкурентов по бенчмаркингу на основе выявления основных преимуществ и недостатков. Нами разработана бизнес-модель производства и переработка экологически чистого и высококачественного кобыльего молока, дан мониторинг потенциального рынка кобыльего молока, а также произведена оценка конкурентоспособности продукции.