Saba Saeed

Krüppel-like factor 14 (KLF14) is a pivotal trans-regulatory transcription factor that modulates diverse biological processes, including insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and potentially cancer suppression through its regulation of centrosome amplification and apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. KLF14 has been associated with the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders, including obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes (T2D), and contains CpG sites that exhibit age-associated methylation changes, which may serve as potential biomarkers for estimating an individual age. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are significantly associated with KLF14 expression in adipose tissue. The functional impact of KLF14 is influenced by both physiological and environmental factors, underscoring its complex role in disease pathogenesis. Population-based genetic studies reveal significant interethnic variability in KLF14 polymorphisms, highlighting the necessity of incorporating ethnic diversity into genetic research. Moreover, a deeper understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanisms and disease associations of KLF14 could inform the development of targeted therapies and personalized medicine strategies. Thus, the current study underscores the significance of KLF14 as a trans-regulatory gene and a potential therapeutic target, emphasizing its intricate role in biological regulation and disease pathogenesis.

Background and Aim: Subclinical mastitis (SCM) in dairy cattle significantly compromises milk quality, animal health, and farm profitability, often remaining undetected due to the absence of clinical signs. The increasing antimicrobial resistance associated with conventional treatments highlights the need for effective alternatives. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Centratherum anthelminticum (CA), alone and in combination with tylosin, in managing SCM in lactating cows. Materials and Methods: Fifteen California mastitis test-positive cows were randomly divided into three groups (n = 5/group). Group A received tylosin (18 mg/kg intramuscular), Group B received CA (120 g orally), and Group C received both treatments. Milk samples were analyzed pre- and post-treatment for somatic cell count (SCC), pH, electrical conductivity, fat, protein, lactose, and solids-not-fat (SNF) content. Hematological parameters, including red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell, hemoglobin, packed cell volume (PCV), and lymphocyte percentages, were evaluated alongside oxidative stress markers – total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS). Results: Significant post-treatment reductions in SCC, pH, and conductivity were observed in all groups. Group C exhibited the most pronounced improvements in lactose, fat, and SNF, with no change in protein. Group B demonstrated the highest TAC increase and TOS reduction, affirming CA’s antioxidative potential. Hematological evaluations revealed systemic improvements post-treatment, particularly in RBC and PCV levels. Group B also showed increased lymphocyte counts, further indicating immunomodulatory effects. Conclusion: CA exhibits considerable therapeutic potential in managing SCM, especially when combined with tylosin. Its antioxidative and immunomodulatory effects may enhance udder health and milk quality while reducing reliance on antibiotics. Future large-scale studies are warranted to confirm these findings and explore CA’s integration into sustainable mastitis management strategies. Keywords: antioxidant capacity, Centratherum anthelminticum, dairy cattle, milk quality, oxidative stress, somatic cell count, subclinical mastitis, tylosin.

Heat Shock Protein Beta-1 (HSPB1), a molecular chaperone crucial for celluar response and proteostasis, exhibits evolutionary conservation woth potential lineage-specific adaptations in placental mammals, warranting detailed comparative genomic investigation. The study investigated the characteristics, evolutionary links, motifs, secondary structure, and genetic organization of Heat Shock Protein Beta-1 (HSPB1) protein across twelve distinct mammals. Significant sequence conservation was identified using multiple sequence alignments (MSA), with over 70% identity in specific areas among the chosen organisms. Physiochemical analysis revealed that all species’ protein sequences exhibited an acidic nature, while instability indices indicated inherent protein instability. The GRAVY analysis referred to hydrophilic properties, while the aliphatic index showed heat stability. Phylogenetic analysis revealed five distinct clades, corresponding to major placental mammals’ groups (e.g. Homo sapiens, Bos Taurus), which underscores deep evolutionary divergences and conserved stress-response adaptations across lineages. Motif analysis revealed distinctive patterns in several species, and InterProScan results revealed membership in the "Homologous superfamily HSP20_like_Chapserson" family. An examination of the genetic organization indicated differences among organisms in the upstream, downstream, intron, and CDS regions, and the presence of conserved regions suggested their identity and similarity matrices. The current study conducted a computational approach and supporting evidence that HSPB1 is a novel heat shock responsive protein identified in placental mammals The current study findings provide a foundational framework delving into HSPB1 evolutionary and lineage-specific diversification, offering valuable insights into stress adaptation mechanisms and their implications for biomedical or evolutionary studies in mammals.

Heat stress is considered as one of the most crucial environmental stressors affecting reproductive efficiency in mammals through modulation of the function of Corpus Luteum (CL) that plays a vital role in progesterone production and pregnancy maintenance. Therefore, this detailed systematic review seeks to bring forward the interdisciplinary perspectives on the impact of heat stress exposure on CL function regarding hormonal shift, luteal phase distortion and fertility receptivity. High temperatures are shown to impose oxidative stress, change blood perfusion within the CL, signal transduction which converts the signal from the signaling molecule into an intracellular reaction and impaired luteal activity. This review incorporates various scientific studies on these effects to different mammalian species concerning the associated physiological mechanisms. Besides this, it also considers the overall impact in warm stressed population in livestock breeding in the agricultural system as well as their conservation from a general perspective. Some of the prevention and control measures for heat related reproductive problems are also covered here, addressing the importance of finding the impact on the CL in order to put in place these interventions. This review may be used to inform future developments that may improve the CL function with regards to heat stress and possible solutions to help mammals reproduced under climate change tender environment and even rising temperatures globally.

Oxidative stress affects fish health and poses, significant harm to fish growth and fish physiology in aquaculture when fish are cultured in intensive farming. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) act as a potential antioxidant in their optimal range, but their effect on the growth and health of Cirrhinus mrigala remains unexplored. The study aims to determine the impact of selenium nanoparticles on fish growth, tissue composition and antioxidant effect on Cirrhinus mrigala for sustainable aquaculture activities. The fish were kept in 15 fiberglass tanks each containing 20 fish per tank weighing 7g each fish. Fish were fed with five kinds of experimental diet of selenium nanoparticle (Se-NPs) twice daily concentration of control (0 mg/kg) to 0.25 mg/kg Se-NPs, 0.5 mg/kg Se-NPs, 1 mg/kg Se-NPs and 2 mg/kg Se-NPs groups with 3% of body weight. The growth metrics, biochemical analysis (SOD, GPx, CAT, MDA and TBARS assays) and proximate composition of the muscles were performed using AOAC standard methods. The proximate compositions of C. mrigala, including moisture, crude protein, crude fat, and ash, were not affected by the dietary SeNPs after 90 days of culture. However, the highest level of moisture (76.87) was observed in T1, crude protein was maximum in T5 (17.63±0.26), crude fat content was high in the T1 diet comprising of 13.62±0.33 value, and crude ash was highest in the control diet (1.78±0.11). Results show that 1 mg Se-NPs/kg increase the growth rate (p<0.05), increase the antioxidant activities (SOD: 5.84±0.12, CAT: 64.29±0.25) and decreases the MDA level by 8.5% resulted in decreased in antioxidant stress. This study concludes that 1 mg SeNPs/kg is beneficial for fish growth and antioxidant defense in its optimum range in Cirrhinus mrigala without causing any damage to muscle quality. The study is beneficial for making health-promoting aquafeed and meet the sustainable aquaculture practices.

Small cell neuroendocrine cervical carcinoma (SCNCC) are neuroendocrine tumors neoplasms (NEN), an intrusive and rare disease originating from neuroendocrine cells that is basically linked with poor treatment or prognosis. Postoperative adjuvant peripheral radiotherapy has been described as a routine treatment. In spite of violent and unusual remedies, high mortality rate was observed in patients with earlier stage of neuroendocrine cervical carcinoma (NECC). The understanding was studied during the early stage of this malignancy, considered the desired work for the identification of predictive issues and optimum multi-modality treatment was concluded. By illustrating cytological elements along with reassessing the consequences of cytological smudges of cervix towards disease manifestations, the investigative specificity might be increased along with patient outcomes. Thus, a unique and novel methodology needs to be introduced to comprehend and cure this malignancy.