Samy Aziza

Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common, aggressive, and potentially fatal malignancy. Ginger possesses a wide range of beneficial biological effects on different body organs. The present study investigated the therapeutic effects of ginger extract (GE) and ginger nanoparticles (GNPs) against HCC induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄). Methods Treatment was initiated 15 weeks after HCC induction and continued for six consecutive weeks. Forty rats were equally divided into four groups. Group 1 (normal control): rats received saline; Group 2 (DEN/CCl₄): HCC-induced rats; Group 3 (HCC + GE): HCC-induced rats treated with ginger extract (300 mg/kg body weight/day); and Group 4 (HCC + GNPs): HCC-induced rats treated with ginger nanoparticles (50 mg/kg body weight/day). Liver function enzymes and gene expression levels were assessed in blood and tissue samples. Results The HCC-induced group showed a significant elevation in liver marker enzymes, global DNA hypermethylation, upregulation of HAT1 and HDAC4, and downregulation of miRNA-34a expression. In contrast, treatment with GE or GNPs resulted in significant global DNA hypomethylation, downregulation of HAT1 and HDAC4, and upregulation of hepatic miRNA-34a expression. Conclusion The findings suggest that GE and GNPs suppress hepatocarcinogenesis, potentially through activation of the miRNA-34a pathway involved in apoptosis regulation.

Hepatitis C virus caused acute and chronic hepatitis. Micro RNA could be used as disease biomarkers. This study was look into Micro RNA125b, Micro RNA 489-3p, and biochemical analysis as a diagnostic for HCV. This study included 20 individuals had chronic liver disease admitted to the Gastroenterology Hospital in Mansoura and Oncology Institute in Mansoura. All individuals were subjected to full clinical examinations. Following analyzing all patients, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was confirmed to be positive for chronic HCV in 5 individuals. Five negative control samples were taken from healthy control group at the same age range and sex. Serum liver function parameters and AFP with gene expression of microRNA125b and microRNA 489-3p were estimated.. Results: The HCV group significantly increased AST, ALT, DBIL, TBIL, ALP, GGT, and ALB) while significantly decreasing albumin concentrations. In the HCV group AFP was substantially higher than in control. The HCV group had a considerable rise in miRNA125b (10.07+ 0.19) but a significant drop in miRNA489-3p (0.36+ 0.02). In addition to biochemical investigation, we found that miRNA125b and miRNA489-3p expression levels employed as valuable marker for HCV diagnosis. Keywords: MicroRNA 125b , MicroRNA 489-3p, HCV.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a blood-borne virus that poses chief public health threats and it is the frequent reason for cirrhosis all over the world. microRNA could be used as disease biomarkers. This investigation was carried out to investigate mRNA -125b, mRNA 489-3p and biochemical analysis as marker for chronic HBV. This work included 20 patients had chronic liver disease admitted to the Gastroenterology Hospital and Oncology Institute in Mansoura. After investigating the patients, 5 patients, from the 20 patients, were positive PCR chronic HBV. Serum samples were obtained from those 5 patients. For control, negative serum samples were collected at the same age range and sex. Liver function parameters and AFP were estimated. RNA was extracted from serum for gene expression of mRNA125b and mRNA 489-3p. The main results were; HBV group showed a significant increase in ALT, AST, TBIL, GGT, ALP while there was significant decrease in albumin levels. In HBV group AFP was significantly increased compared to control. HBV group revealed a significant increase (6.70 ± 0.18) in mRNA125b, with a significant decrease in mRNA489-3p (0.51 ± 0.03). On conclusion, mRNA125b and mRNA489-3p expressions along with biochemical analysis could be used as an accurate marker for HBV diagnosis. Keywords: microRNA 125b , microRNA 489-3p, HBV.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a brain disorder associated with a gradual weakening in neurocognitive functions, neuroinflammation, and impaired signaling pathways. Resveratrol (RSV) has neuroprotective properties, but with low bioavailability, and low solubility in vivo. Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for brain function. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the role of formulated RSV-Se nanoparticles (RSV-SeNPs) on neurochemical and histopathological approaches associated with the AD model in rats induced by Aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day for 60 days. RSV-SeNPs supplementation attenuates the impaired oxidative markers and mitochondrial dysfunction. The ameliorative effect of RSV-SeNPs on cholinergic deficits was associated with clearance of amyloid β (Aβ). Furthermore, activation of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) deactivates glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β)-mediated tau hyperphosphorylation. Additionally, RSV-SeNPs downregulate signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) expression as well as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels, therefore alleviating neuroinflammation in AD. Moreover, RSV-SeNPs upregulate the expression of Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and lower that of microRNA-134, consequently increasing neurite outgrowth. Eventually, the obtained results showed that nano-formulation of resveratrol with selenium maximized the therapeutic potential of RSV against Alzheimer’s disease not only by their antioxidant but also by anti-inflammatory effect improving the neurocognitive function and modulating the signaling pathways.