Qianqian Chen

Objectives: Despite the widespread use of the leuprorelin 3-month depot in central precocious puberty (CPP), its clinical efficacy and patient follow-up remain unexplored. This study aimed to compare the clinical indicators of the leuprorelin 3-month depot and triptorelin 1-month depot following treatment in a CPP cohort to understand the therapeutic effect of the former.Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 60 children diagnosed with progressive idiopathic CPP or precocious puberty who received at least 24 months of treatment at the hospital. The treatment involved leuprorelin 3-month depot for 18 participants, triptorelin 1-month depot for 16 participants, and a combination of both drugs for 26 participants. Anthropometric, biochemical, and bone age (BA) data were examined before treatment and every 12 months during treatment.Results: Before treatment, no statistical differences were noted in the baseline levels of sex hormones (oestradiol (E2), luteinising hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)) among the triptorelin 1-month depot, leuprorelin 3-month depot, and combination therapy groups (P>0.05). However, the serum testosterone levels among participants were statistically significant (P < 0.05). After 1 and 2 years of treatment, no statistically significant differences were noted in the baseline levels of sex hormones (E2, LH, and FSH) among the three groups (P>0.05). At baseline, no statistical differences were found in BA, height, or weight among the groups (P>0.05). After 1 and 2 years of treatment, no statistically significant differences were observed in the growth rate, maturity, or BA growth rate of the participants in all three groups (P>0.05).Conclusions: The therapeutic effects of the triptorelin 1-month and leuprorelin 3-month depots were equivalent. Furthermore, treatment with leuprorelin 3-month depot is cost-effective compared with the other options . It reduces the number of injections administered to paediatric patients, the time spent on medical visits, and improves compliance, leading to greater acceptance among patients.

Background: Owing to the high prevalence and detrimental consequences, postpartum depression (PPD) has been identified as one of the severe global public health issues in the last decade. Prior research found that during disasters or events, the prevalence rates of mental disorders among postpartum women are significantly high. However, the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on PPD and its risk factors remained unclear for postpartum women. Therefore, the present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence of PPD and to summarize risk factors for PPD during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Three electronic databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases were systematically searched for articles from their commencements until 1 November 2021. Quality assessment of included studies, random-effects meta-analysis, and sensitivity analysis were performed. Results: A total of eight studies with 6480 postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic were included, and most studies were conducted in developed countries. The pooled prevalence of PPD was 34% (95% CI: 21–46%) during the COVID-19 pandemic, much higher than the incident of previous research during the non-pandemic period. Risk factors for PPD during the COVID-19 pandemic were defined as socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, stress and anxiety, lack of various supports, and the COVID-19 related factors. Conclusion: The research findings indicated that the COVID-19 pandemic could make detrimental effects on maternal mental wellbeing among women after childbirth. Investigating the prevalence and risk factors of PPD among postpartum women could shed some light on their mental and emotional states; so that support measures and tailored interventions from health professionals and policymakers could be offered to improve the maternal and infant outcomes, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Much more research on maternal psychological wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic was strongly recommended to undertake in the middle and low-income countries.