Ruthramurthy Balachandran

Next-generation energy storage systems demand advanced electrode materials that offer both high performance and long-term sustainability.

This study addresses beam squint mitigation in millimeter-Wave (mmWave) systems using a 1024- element Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) optimized via gradient descent. The proposed approach achieves ±0.2° squint correction and over 90% accuracy within 200 iterations, with gain variation maintained below 0.5 dB. A supervised Machine Learning (ML) model, trained on simulation data, demonstrates an 83% reduction in training error and a 60% drop in validation error over 1000 epochs, converging by epoch 700. The integration of early stopping and L2 regularization is suggested to further reduce generalization error. These results indicate that RIS, combined with ML optimization, offers a scalable and effective solution for wideband mmWave systems, paving the way for real-time beamforming in next-generation wireless networks.

Nanotechnology allows the automation of tasks and greatly advances the industrial revolution. There are numerous applications of nanotechnologies in various ind Nanotechnology allows the automation of tasks and greatly advances the industrial revolution. There are numerous applications of nanotechnologies in various ind

The influence of transition metals (Zn, Cd and Ni) on bismuth magnesium niobate (Bi3.5Mg1.8Nb2.7O13.8, BMN) pyrochlores was investigated. Considering the difference in their ionic radii, Cd was postulated to substitute Mg at the eight-fold coordinated A-site whereas Zn and Ni were to replace Mg at the six-fold coordinated B-sites of the host structure. Solubility limits in these substitutional pyrochlore solid solutions were determined to be 0.4, 0.1 and 0.3 for Zn, Ni and Cd, respectively. Upon introducing these divalent cation dopants, notable changes in the lattice parameters and grain sizes were observed with increasing dopant concentration. The high dielectric constants, ?? of Zn, Cd and Ni doped BMN pyrochlores were discernible with their bulk values of 195-216, 173-195 and 153-195, respectively. The highest ?? of 216 was recorded for the composition with Zn = 0.1 in contrast to the lowest value of 153 found in the composition with Ni = 0.1. Meanwhile, these highly insulating divalent cation doped BMN pyrochlores also exhibit low dielectric losses, tan _ whose values are in the order of 10?3. The excellent dielectric properties allow these novel pyrochlore phases to be potentially applied for the energy storage applications.