Sarah Anne Howard
Current Organizations / Institutes
The organizations/institutes from the scholar's latest article
Research Interests
Sarah Anne Howard has a total of 7 co-authors. Here are the top co-authors by number of shared publications:
- Soumya Rahima Benhabbour
Lampe Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
2 shared publications - Angela D. M. Kashuba
Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
1 shared publication - Jasmine L. King
Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
1 shared publication - Jordan B. Joiner
Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
1 shared publication - Mackenzie L. Cottrell
Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
1 shared publication - Paul Alexander Dayton
The Lampe Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering at UNC Chapel-Hill, Chapel-Hill and NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
1 shared publication
Latest Publications
- Open Access
- 20 July 2023
- Published by MDPI AG in Journal of Clinical Medicine
- Vol. 12 (14) , 4791
Non-Hormonal Contraception
While hormonal contraceptives are efficacious and available in several forms for women, perception of safety and concern over side effects are a deterrent for many. Existing non-hormonal contraceptives include permanent sterilization, copper intrauterine devices (IUDs), chemical/physical barriers such as spermicides and condoms, as well as traditional family planning methods including withdrawal and the rhythm method. Individuals who wish to retain their fertility in the future can achieve highest adherence and efficacy with long-acting, reversible contraceptives (LARCs), though there is only one, the copper IUD, that is non-hormonal. As rates of unintended pregnancies remain high with existing contraceptive options, it is becoming increasingly attractive to develop novel pregnancy prevention methods for both women and men. Non-hormonal contraceptives can target a variety of critical reproductive processes discussed here. This review focuses on identified non-hormonal contraceptive targets and subsequent drug candidates in development.
- 20 July 2023
- Published by MDPI AG in Journal of Clinical Medicine
- Vol. 12 (14) , 4791
Open AccessNon-Hormonal Contraception
While hormonal contraceptives are efficacious and available in several forms for women, perception of safety and concern over side effects are a deterrent for many. Existing non-hormonal contraceptives include permanent sterilization, copper intrauterine devices (IUDs), chemical/physical barriers such as spermicides and condoms, as well as traditional family planning methods including withdrawal and the rhythm method. Individuals who wish to retain their fertility in the future can achieve highest adherence and efficacy with long-acting, reversible contraceptives (LARCs), though there is only one, the copper IUD, that is non-hormonal. As rates of unintended pregnancies remain high with existing contraceptive options, it is becoming increasingly attractive to develop novel pregnancy prevention methods for both women and men. Non-hormonal contraceptives can target a variety of critical reproductive processes discussed here. This review focuses on identified non-hormonal contraceptive targets and subsequent drug candidates in development.
- Open Access
- 11 March 2022
- Published by MDPI AG in Pharmaceutics
- Vol. 14 (3) , 615
Effects of Injection Volume and Route of Administration on Dolutegravir In Situ Forming Implant Pharmacokinetics
Due to the versatility of the in situ forming implant (ISFI) drug delivery system, it is crucial to understand the effects of formulation parameters for clinical translation. We utilized ultrasound imaging and pharmacokinetics (PK) in mice to understand the impact of administration route, injection volume, and drug loading on ISFI formation, degradation, and drug release in mice. Placebo ISFIs injected subcutaneously (SQ) with smaller volumes (40 L) exhibited complete degradation within 30–45 days, compared to larger volumes (80 L), which completely degraded within 45–60 days. However, all dolutegravir (DTG)-loaded ISFIs along the range of injection volumes tested (20–80 L) were present at 90 days post-injection, suggesting that DTG can prolong ISFI degradation. Ultrasound imaging showed that intramuscular (IM) ISFIs flattened rapidly post administration compared to SQ, which coincides with the earlier Tmax for drug-loaded IM ISFIs. All mice exhibited DTG plasma concentrations above four times the protein-adjusted 90% inhibitory concentration (PA-IC90) throughout the entire 90 days of the study. ISFI release kinetics best fit to zero order or diffusion-controlled models. When total administered dose was held constant, there was no statistical difference in drug exposure regardless of the route of administration or number of injections.- 11 March 2022
- Published by MDPI AG in Pharmaceutics
- Vol. 14 (3) , 615
Open AccessEffects of Injection Volume and Route of Administration on Dolutegravir In Situ Forming Implant Pharmacokinetics
Due to the versatility of the in situ forming implant (ISFI) drug delivery system, it is crucial to understand the effects of formulation parameters for clinical translation. We utilized ultrasound imaging and pharmacokinetics (PK) in mice to understand the impact of administration route, injection volume, and drug loading on ISFI formation, degradation, and drug release in mice. Placebo ISFIs injected subcutaneously (SQ) with smaller volumes (40 L) exhibited complete degradation within 30–45 days, compared to larger volumes (80 L), which completely degraded within 45–60 days. However, all dolutegravir (DTG)-loaded ISFIs along the range of injection volumes tested (20–80 L) were present at 90 days post-injection, suggesting that DTG can prolong ISFI degradation. Ultrasound imaging showed that intramuscular (IM) ISFIs flattened rapidly post administration compared to SQ, which coincides with the earlier Tmax for drug-loaded IM ISFIs. All mice exhibited DTG plasma concentrations above four times the protein-adjusted 90% inhibitory concentration (PA-IC90) throughout the entire 90 days of the study. ISFI release kinetics best fit to zero order or diffusion-controlled models. When total administered dose was held constant, there was no statistical difference in drug exposure regardless of the route of administration or number of injections.