Ranjana Singh

Leukaemia, a widespread haematological cancer, possesses particular challenges in theranostics despite the availability of traditional and modern approaches. This article addresses a significant gap in the literature, where a focus on polymeric and hybrid nanoparticles (P&HNP) is lacking in advancing leukaemia therapy, and explores how to overcome limitations of conventional therapeutic approaches. The rationale of this study stems from several considerations, including the fact that while polymeric nanoparticles show promise in leukaemia theranostics, a comprehensive assessment of how biomaterial choices influence therapeutic efficacy remains lacking. This article briefly describes conventional challenges in leukaemia theranostics, followed by the properties of P&HNP that make them potential candidates for leukaemia management. In addition, an understanding of the distinctions between natural (e.g., chitosan) and synthetic polymers (e.g., polyethene glycol), as well as their capacity to integrate targeting ligands, imaging agents, and therapeutic payloads, is essential for the rational design of next-generation treatments. Indeed, hybrid nanosystems that combine polymers with metallic nanoparticles (e.g., Au, Ag, Fe, and Zn) represent an emerging frontier, as noted. Next, the current status and clinical outcomes of P&HNP-based formulations are presented, along with their limitations and solutions to advance them as advanced therapies. Finally, challenges or obstacles that limit the translation perspective of laboratory-designed nanomedicine were addressed. This review identifies promising directions, including innovative nanoparticle designs and combination therapies, that may transform leukaemia treatment paradigms and improve patient survival.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) possess inherent catalytic, antimicrobial, and optical properties, making them a strong candidate for environmental applications in water, air, and soil. Indeed, various reviews are available, though a significant gap persists in addressing all environmental pollutants. This review comprehensively and critically analyses the advancement in AgNP research spanning from synthesis and characterisation to practical deployment and ecotoxicological assessment. The AgNP-based systems are evaluated regarding antimicrobial disinfection, adsorptive and catalytic/photocatalytic removal of persistent organic pollutants, and integration into antifouling nanofiltration and ultrafiltration membrane technologies used for management of water pollutants. In addition, AgNPs-assisted nanosystems in fibrous filter membranes and photocatalytic composite coatings for the removal of volatile organic compounds, particulate matter, and gaseous pollutants are reviewed. Furthermore, AgNP applications for heavy metal immobilisation, organic pollutant degradation, plant disease management, and growth promotion are assessed alongside their ecotoxicological implications. Besides remediation, environmental monitoring capabilities of AgNP-based sensing platforms are systematically reviewed across five transduction modalities, including colourimetric/UV–vis LSPR, SERS, electrochemical, fluorometric, and gas sensing, covering a broad range of analytes considered as environmental pollutants. Key challenges, including nanoparticle aggregation, long-term colloidal instability, synthesis irreproducibility, ecotoxicological risks arising from Ag ⁺ ion release and environmental persistence, and the current absence of harmonised regulatory frameworks for AgNP deployment, are critically discussed. This review provides a structured, evidence-based foundation for researchers and engineers working toward the responsible, scalable application of AgNP-based technologies to address contemporary environmental challenges.

Background: To assess the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) as an adjunct to standard treatment in early-stage oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), focusing on mouth opening, burning sensation, pain, and systemic inflammation.Methods: A randomized comparative study was conducted on early-stage OSMF patients divided into two groups. Group 1 received HBOT along with intralesional triamcinolone, hyaluronidase, and oral antioxidants. Group 2 received only the standard intralesional therapy with antioxidants. Clinical parameters—interincisal distance, burning sensation, and pain—were recorded at baseline, first, and second follow-up. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured pre- and post-treatment. Statistical analysis included unpaired t-tests and chi-square tests.Results: Both groups improved clinically, but Group 1 showed significantly greater reductions in burning sensation (p= 0.020), pain, and CRP levels (p= 0.033). Although intergroup differences in mouth opening were not statistically significant, Group 1 showed greater improvement over time. Fibrotic band distribution remained unchanged in both groups. No complications were reported with HBOT.Conclusion: HBOT provides enhanced symptomatic relief and anti-inflammatory effects in early-stage OSMF when used alongside conventional therapy. While it may not reverse fibrosis, its safety and noninvasive nature support its role in multimodal OSMF management.

Background The endosomal pathway plays a crucial role in eukaryotes, and its conservation across evolution underscores its importance in fundamental processes, such as endocytosis, cytokinesis, and autophagy. Dysregulation of the Notch signaling system, essential for growth and development, contributes to cancers like leukemia. In Drosophila melanogaster (DM), specific endosomal genes function as tumor suppressors, regulating Notch signaling, either through promoting Notch degradation or directing its recycling. Nevertheless, it is still unanswered how endosomal genes specifically, lethal giant discs (lgd/CC2D1A), affect Notch-1-mediated transduction in human malignancies, such as T-cell acute lymphoblastic (T-ALL). Aim This study aimed to comprehensively characterize the (lgd/CC2D1A) CC2D1A/lgd in human T-ALL by performing mutational analysis and sequencing and evaluating its gene and protein expression levels. These analyses were conducted to elucidate better the role of (lgd/CC2D1A)CC2D1A in the pathophysiology of T-ALL and to explore its potential association with the Notch-1 signaling pathway. Materials and methods In this study, we sequenced the lgd and investigated its expression in peripheral blood samples of human T-ALL samples. We used molecular approaches to analyse the Lgd/CC2D1A gene for mutations and characterize its gene and protein expression across genomic and proteomic datasets. Results Sequencing data revealed the presence of the lgd variant (CC2D1A) in T-ALL patients and healthy individuals. Lgd and Notch-1 expression were significantly upregulated in T-ALL patients, demonstrating a strong positive correlation at both the genomic and proteomic levels. Conclusions Through this analysis, we reported the presence of Lgd with an altered nucleotide sequence in T-ALL patients. We also found its elevated expression compared with healthy controls, which might affect disease progression. Our investigation results also lay the foundation for the possible development of Lgd as a predictive indication for the early identification of T-ALL.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is a widely used anionic surfactant in laboratory, household, and industrial applications, which ultimately enters the environment through various pathways. This has led to significant concerns regarding developing rapid onsite qualitative and quantitative methods for estimating SDS in aqueous solutions. Although a range of high-throughput techniques is currently utilized for SDS quantification, these methods are often expensive, labor-intensive, and require specialized technical expertise. This study developed a novel colorimetric method for the selective and sensitive detection of SDS, utilizing polyethylene glycol-polycaprolactone nanoparticles (PEG–PCL NPs) synthesized via a ring-opening polymerization approach. The synthesized nanoparticles exhibited a distinct colorimetric response to SDS when combined with the Bradford reagent, which acted as a linker molecule. Interference studies demonstrated the high selectivity of the method, even in the presence of various heavy metals and other surfactants. The method showed excellent linearity over a concentration range of 0–200 μg/mL, with a correlation coefficient (R²) of 0.98. The limits of detection and quantification for the proposed method were determined to be 26.14 μg/mL and 79.23 μg/mL, respectively. These findings indicate that the newly developed method offers high selectivity and sensitivity for SDS detection, making it a promising analytical tool for rapid and onsite estimation.