Ender Deniz Asmaz

This study evaluated the effects of intra‐amniotic administration of combined energy, amino acid, and vitamin sources on embryonic development, post‐hatch growth performance, and intestinal health in broiler chickens. On Day 18 of incubation, 460 fertile Ross 308 eggs were allocated to four groups: non‐injected negative control (NC), saline‐injected positive control (PC), nutrient solution I (NS‐I; glucose, lysine, and ascorbic acid), and nutrient solution II (NS‐II; creatine monohydrate, glutamine, and ascorbic acid). At hatch, chick quality traits and intestinal histomorphometric and immunohistochemical parameters were assessed, and post‐hatch performance was monitored for 35 days. Intra‐amniotic administration, particularly NS‐II, significantly increased hatch weight, chick length, and total intestinal length ( p < 0.05). Both nutrient solutions improved jejunal morphology at hatch by increasing villus height, the villus height‐to‐crypt depth ratio, and absorptive surface area, while reducing crypt depth ( p < 0.05). The proliferation index and PCNA expression were significantly higher in the nutrient‐injected groups, indicating enhanced epithelial cell proliferation. During the 35‐day rearing period, NS‐II significantly improved body weight gain, feed intake, carcass weight, and the European Production Efficiency Factor (EPEF) ( p < 0.05), without adversely affecting the feed conversion ratio. Cecal microbiota composition and overall meat quality parameters were not negatively affected; however, lower coliform and mesophilic bacterial counts were observed in meat samples from the NS‐II group during refrigerated storage on Days 5 9. In conclusion, intra‐amniotic supplementation with combined energy, amino acid, and vitamin sources, particularly creatine monohydrate and glutamine combined with ascorbic acid, positively modulated early intestinal development and improved growth performance in broilers without compromising meat quality.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the proliferative or apoptotic effects of different doses and durations of Royal jelly (RJ) on serous type epithelial ovarian cancer, which is the most common epithelial ovarian cancer. For this purpose, cells of the Skov-3 human ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line were grown in McCoy medium and seeded in 6-well plates. RJ was prepared as a stock solution (1000 mg RJ/10 ml dH₂O) and 1, 5, 10, 20, and 50 mg/ml RJ doses from the prepared stock solution were added to the medium for 24, 48, and 72 h incubated. After the treatment of RJ, the cell viability test (Tripan Blue), Ki-67 to determine the proliferative effect, cleaved-Caspase-3 and cleaved PARP expressions to determine its apoptotic effect were examined by immunocytochemical and immunofluorescence methods. In addition, findings were supported by the TUNEL method. As a result of the experiments, it was determined that 1 mg/ml and 24 h treatment of RJ did not affect cell proliferation and apoptosis, but generally, 50 mg/ml of RJ for 72 h inhibited proliferation in cancer cells and induced apoptosis. The use of royal jelly both monotherapeutically and in combination as an alternative treatment for ovarian cancer may provide the basis for new experimental protocols.

It is well known that aging affects many systems in the body. The digestive system is one of the systems most affected by aging. In our study, we examined the effects of young plasma treatment on cell proliferation, growth factors, immune defense and histological parameters in the jejunum of aged male rats. For this purpose, aged male Sprague Dawley rats (24 months, n = 7) were treated with pooled plasma (0.5 ml/day, intravenously for 30 days) collected from young (5 weeks, n = 51) rats. Aged rats that received young plasma treatment were grouped as the experimental group, while aged rats formed the control group. At the end of the experiment, the jejunums of the groups were collected and histological parameters such as villus height, crypt depth, total mucosal thickness and surface absorption areas were measured and compared. In addition, cell proliferation index and proliferation intensity in the crypt glands of the jejunum were evaluated with proliferating cell nuclear antigen and expressions of growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and its receptor (IGF-IR) expression and effects of immunoglobulin A (IgA), which plays a role in the defense of the digestive system against microorganisms, were examined. In the experimental group, an increase in histological parameters, IGF-R and IGF-IR expression, proliferation density, proliferation index and IgA expression density and IgA cell count were observed compared to the control group. These results suggest that young plasma treatment has a positive effect on the digestive system and may be a potential therapeutic for tissue regeneration.

Aging is associated with a disruptive decline in gastrointestinal health leading to decreased duodenal cell proliferation ultimately affecting the digestive and absorptive capacity of intestines in all species. This study investigates the novel application of blood plasma therapy to enhance duodenal cell proliferation associated with aging. In the presented study, the effects of middle aged plasma therapy on the aged rat duodenum were investigated. For this purpose, using a randomized controlled design, Female Wistar rats (aged 12–15 months) (n:7) were treated with heterologus pooled plasma (0.5 mL per day for 30 days, infused intravenously into the tail vein) collected from middle aged (6 months old, n:28) rats during all stages of the estrous cycle. The groups were divided into three as the Experimental group (aged 12–15 months) receiving middle aged plasma, the control group (aged 12–15 months) not receiving treatment, and the middle aged rat (6 months) as the positive control group. At the end of the experiment, each group’s duodenum were collected, fixed, and analyzed using histological techniques for morphometric parameters. Additionally cell proliferation density and proliferation index were determined by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The finding of the study suggests that plasma therapy significantly improves cell proliferation, villus height (µm), crypt depth (µm), total mucosal thickness (µm), the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (µm), and surface absorption area (mm²) in the experimental group compared to control. Likewise, we determined that middle aged plasma application supports cell proliferation. However, further research is warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms and potential clinical applications of this innovative approach.

Objective: Young plasma is rich in rejuvenating factors that are diminished in aged mice, making it a promising treatment for organ regeneration and hormonal secretion support. Enhancing hormonal renewal suggests that this therapy may influence the expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR), which declines with aging. In this study, plasma therapy was applied to aged rats to evaluate its effects on histomorphological parameters and VDR levels in the jejunum. Materials and Methods: Aged female Wistar rats (12-15 months, n=7) were treated with pooled plasma collected from younger rats (6 months, n=28). Post-treatment, villus height, total mucosal thickness, crypt depth, and surface absorption areas were measured in the jejunum of rats in the experimental group (n=7), control group (n=7), and a positive control young group (YPC) (5 weeks, n=7). VDR expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry, and the number of VDR-positive cells was quantified within 0.01 mm2 areas for all groups. Results: Histomorphological evaluation revealed no statistically significant differences between the experimental group and the YPC group in villus height, total mucosal thickness, and surface absorption area parameters. However, the experimental group exhibited the highest crypt depth compared to the YPC group. Both the YPC and experimental groups demonstrated increases in all parameters, including histological and VDR evaluations, compared to the control group. Conclusion: The plasma treatment supported parameters that facilitate digestion and increased VDR expression, which decreases with aging, thereby exerting a beneficial influence.

Bu çalışma kapsaisin uygulaması sonrası ileumdaki histomorfolojik değişiklik ve endokrin, parakrin, otokrin etkiler yoluyla hücresel büyümeyi, farklılaşmayı ve apoptozu düzenlemede rol alan IGFI ve onun reseptörü olan IGFI-R’nün ifadesi araştırılmıştır. 21 günlük Sprague-Dawley sıçan Kontrol gurubu ve Kapsaisin alan tedavi grubu olarak 2’ye ayrıldı. Tedavi grubuna 20 gün boyunca deri altında 0,5mg/kg Kapsaisin uygulandı Deney sonunda ileumlar toplanarak dokular immünohistokimya (IGF-I-IGF-IR) ve morfometrik analizlerle değerlendirildi. Tedavi gruplarının sindirimi destekleyen parametrelerinden villus yüksekliği, kript derinliği, total mukozal kalınlığı, villus/kript oranı, yüzey emilim alanı istatistiki olarak arttı. Ayrıca kriptlerde ve düz kas tabakasında IGF-I ve IGFI-R’nün ifadesinde artış belirlendi. Ancak yüzey epitelinde kontrol grubuna göre herhangi bir istatistiki önem tespit edilmedi. Histomorfolojik parametrelerdeki artış ve hücrelerin mitotik olarak en yoğun olduğu kript bezlerinde görülen IGF-I ve reseptörünün ifadesinde artış Kapsaisinin IGF-I ve IGF-IR etki mekanizmasını etkilediği ve tedavinin sindirim sisteminde besin emilimini ve yararlanımını destekleyerek bağırsak morfolojisini olumlu yönde etkilediği sonucuna vardık.

Abstarct Blood plasma therapy, a new treatment method to eliminate the damage and deterioration caused by aging in many organ systems, has attracted increasing attention. The digestive tract, which cooperates with many different systems, has strong effects on our health. In the present study, the effects of plasma therapy on the ileum of elderly rats were investigated. Wistar rats (n = 7; 12–15 months old) were given pooled plasma collected from middle-age rats (6 months, n =28) (for 30 days, 0.3 ml daily, intravenously into the tail vein). At the end of the experiment, villus height, crypt depth, total mucosal thickness and surface absorption area were evaluated. In addition, the effects of IgA, which plays a role in the digestive system's defense against microorganisms, were examined. Both the cell proliferation intensity and proliferation index were evaluated in crypt cells. An increase was determined in all morphological parameters in the experimental group. Similarly, plasma application decreased IgA expression and numbers in the experimental groups. Contrarily, cell proliferation parameters showed a significant increase in the experimental groups' crypt cells. Therefore, we found that the treatment supports the digestive system in terms of both nutrient utilization and absorption-related parameters and has a protective effect on intestinal immune system parameters.

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of a commercial probiotic and a commercial essential oil blend and their mixture, as a natural feed additive, on the expression level of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA), proliferation index (PI), and total mucosal thickness of quails. 1-day-old Japanese (Coturnix coturnix japonica) quails, including both males and females, were divided into four groups as follows: (1) control treatment without medication (n: 15); (2) 18 g/ ton-1 probiotic (n: 15); (3) 300 g/ ton-1 essential oil blend (n: 15) and (4) 18 g/ ton-1 probiotic plus 300 g/ ton-1 essential oil blend (n: 15). In the study, the effect of natural feed additives added to the quail diet on intestinal health was evaluated by immunohistochemical and histological analyzes. At the end of the experiment, the quail's duodenum was removed, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, and a histological examination procedure was performed.As a result of the study, it was determined that the PCNA expressions, proliferation index, and mucosal thickness were generally significantly increased in the experimental groups compared to the control group (p<0.001). The combination of additives caused a synergistic effect for this study. All data were statistically significant in the group where the probiotic and essential oil mixture was used together. It has been determined that these feed additives combination stimulates cell proliferation in the duodenum, where nutrients absorbed, and positively affect intestinal morphology.

Tamoxifen (TAM) is one of selective estrogen receptor modulators used in breast cancer treatment and prevention. The objective of this study was to determine whether or not insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) and its receptor (IGF-1R), has any role in the effect mechanism of TAM on the ovary. Experimentally, animals were divided into three groups as control group (n= 20), low dose TAM treatment group (0.5 mg/mouse/day, n= 20) and high dose TAM treatment group (1.5 mg/mouse/day, n= 20). TAM was injected 0.5 and 1.5 mg/mouse/day for 5 days. Ovarian sections were used to examine the general structure by trichrome staining method and to determine IGF-1 and IGF-1R expressions by immunohistochemical staining method. After the experiment, the presence of atretic follicles and small cystic structures in the TAM-treated animals was determined. Also, antral follicles and the corpus luteum were much less in the high dose TAM group than in the control. TAM did not change the expression of IGF-1 in granulosa cells, but increased the expression of IGF-1R. In TAM groups, IGF-1 and IGF-1R expression were increased in oocytes of follicles and in interstitial cells depending on TAM doses. However, while IGF-1 expression was unchanged in the corpus luteum, decreased in treatment group. TAM generally stimulated IGF-1 and IGF-1R expression in a dose-dependent manner. The results suggest that IGF-1 signaling pathway is involved in the mechanism of action of TAM on the ovary. We may assert that it may be useful to use IGF-1 signaling pathway regulators to adjust the effects of TAM on the ovary.