Kristína Králiková

The topicality of the choice of the article is proven by the annual increase in the number of imprisoned women in the world, which is especially highlighted by international organizations dealing with the protection of human rights. They point out the identified reasons for this increase and at the same time address the existing conditions provided by the state to imprisoned women. In general, one of the biggest problems is that prisons often do not provide the appropriate conditions required by gender diversity or specificity. And consequently, they often do not meet specific requirements at all for a very sensitive group of prisoners, namely imprisoned women – mothers. The aim of this article is to expand the knowledge base on the issue of imprisoned women – mothers, based on a comparison and to examine the solutions to this issue in the conditions of selected countries. The authors analyse and compare the conditions and legislation in three different European Union states: The Slovak Republic, the Czech Republic and the Italian Republic. The conclusions are based on the obtained results of a comparative study, the processing of which helped to reveal differences in the implementation of the addressed issue in the environment of selected countries. Finally, the authors consider de lege ferenda possible solutions in the Slovak Republic.

Geopolitical fragmentation, intensifying geoeconomic competition, and the securitisation of economic relations are reshaping the international environment and changing the conditions under which the European Union (EU) conducts its external economic policy. As economic interdependence has become a source of both prosperity and vulnerability, the EU has begun to redefine the relationship between openness, resilience, and economic security. This article examines how these developments are reshaping the EU’s geoeconomic model and its role within an evolving global order. The study develops an analytical framework that links geopolitical pressures, external dependencies, and institutional responses to the Union’s geoeconomic adaptation. The research employs a concept-driven qualitative design combining qualitative content analysis, analytically focused comparison, and process-oriented interpretation of key EU strategic documents and the relevant academic literature. The study shows that the EU is developing a hybrid geoeconomic model that combines openness with resilience, market integration with economic security, and international cooperation with a stronger capacity to manage critical vulnerabilities. This process reflects a longer-term adjustment of the Union’s external economic strategy and its international role. The article advances current debates on geoeconomics, European integration, and global governance by explaining how geopolitical fragmentation is reshaping the EU’s external action in a more contested international environment.

The European Union operates in a highly fragmented international environment shaped by geopolitical rivalry, geoeconomic competition, technological disruption, and growing uncertainty regarding critical external dependencies. These developments have elevated economic security and resilience to the centre of European policymaking, challenging assumptions that traditionally linked economic openness with stability, prosperity, and sustainable development. The purpose of this article is to examine how geopolitical and geoeconomic fragmentation is reshaping the European Union’s approach to economic and technological resilience and to analyse the implications of this transformation for long-term competitiveness and sustainable development. Employing a qualitative research design based on policy analysis and systematic document analysis, supported by secondary statistical evidence from European and international institutional sources, the study investigates three interconnected dimensions of resilience: technological resilience, resource resilience, and competitiveness resilience. The findings indicate that the European Union is moving from an efficiency-oriented model of globalisation towards a resilience-oriented governance framework focused on managing sensitive dependencies in critical technologies, strategic resources, and supply chains. The analysis further demonstrates that resilience cannot be sustained through risk reduction measures alone. Its long-term effectiveness depends on productivity growth, innovation performance, technological capabilities, industrial strength, and investment capacity. The article concludes that competitiveness constitutes a foundational condition for durable resilience and that economic security increasingly functions as an enabling factor for sustainable development in a more contested global economic environment.

Because the concept of a contract of work in the former Civil Code followed its original concept of 1964 and the model of the Civil Code of 1950. In certain respects, account is also taken of certain provisions of the former International Trade Code (ITA), the normative structures of which were adopted by the Commercial Code, but which were often formulated more precisely and clearly in the ITA.

Adopting AI (Artificial Intelligence) in the provision of psychiatric services has been groundbreaking and has presented other means of handling some of the issues related to traditional methods. This paper aims at analyzing the applicability and efficiency of AI in mental health practices based on business administration paradigms with a focus on managing services and policies. This paper engages a systematic and synoptic process, where current AI technologies in mental health are investigated with reference to the current literature as to their usefulness in delivering services and the moral considerations that surround their application. The study indicates that AI is capable of improving the availability, relevance, and effectiveness of mental health services, information that can be useful for policymakers in the management of health care. Consequently, specific concerns arise, such as how the algorithm imposes its own bias, the question of data privacy, or how a mechanism could reduce the human factor in care. The review brought to light an area of understanding of AI-driven interventions that has not been explored: the effect of such interventions in the long run. The field study suggests that further research should be conducted regarding ethical factors, increasing the ethical standards of AI usage in administration, and exploring the cooperation of mental health practitioners and AI engineers with respect to the application of AI in psychiatric practice. Proposed solutions, therefore, include enhancing the AI functions and ethical standards and guaranteeing that policy instruments are favorable for the use of AI in mental health.

This study focuses on the effect of multichannel marketing communication in retail pharmacies to establish customer satisfaction in a world experiencing the digitalization of health sectors. The objective of the study is to understand customer acquisition and retention practices, the role of online and offline integrated communication, and the extent of customer preference for various marketing communication channels. As part of the study, the quantitative analysis of the publications included in the review was made using articles and reports published from 2014 to 2024. The review was conducted on the aspects of marketing using multiple channels in retail pharmacy and the healthcare-associated fields. The studies identified that comprehensive communication channel enhancement policies positively affect the generation of revenues, reduction in costs, and information delivery schedules in pharmaceuticals. Depending on the channel, consumers’ needs and wants differ, and there is success in personalizing and presenting reasonably logical thoughts to people. Synchronicity of online and offline communication effectively increases the customers’ power, trust, and satisfaction. E-marketing has always been significant in enhancing customers’ touch points, which is why digital transformation is vital. This study further supports the fact that multichannel marketing is mandatory for the success of a retail pharmacy in the prevalent, highly competitive environment. The implementation also presupposes knowledge of consumer differences, the synergy of online and offline contacts, the emphasis on personalization, and fast adaptation to the changing technological environment, but often within the framework of severe legislation.

The European Union represents, within the boundaries of the original idea, a project of versatile international peaceful cooperation. Realized on the basis of mutual equality, mutual benefit, freedom, justice, inviolability, i.e. brotherhood. At least this is how the initiators of this pan-European idea perceived the European Union project. That is why the European Union has become attractive to most European nations. In the first third of the 21st century, however, there was a gradual departure from the core of the original focus, supporting ideas and daily activities of its bureaucratic and elected bodies. The European Union has alienated itself from the original goal based on the contractual achievement of the freedom of movement of persons, services and capital in its geopolitical space. In other periods, it even extends to freedom of expression and freedom of thought. At the same time, the liberation of the European population is more and more openly achieved by dictatorial methods. The European Union also experienced free ideological fall and a moral downward slide through the secularization and atheism of the population, which is being transformed into the sphere of morality of interpersonal, inter-confessional and inter-ethnic relations. This state of the process of the superstatization of Europe threatens the very existence of the European Union. Therefore, it is necessary to revive the activity of the European Union within its original ideological boundaries.

Churches and religious societies, despite the suppression of their importance, mission and results of their pastoral and educational activities in Slovak society since the second half of the 20th century and their temporary radical revival after 1990, are in the currently ideologically enforced corporate-liberal social environment again subject to recognition, condemnation and suppression. It also applies to their representatives, their believers, their membership base. It is obvious that, on the basis of the ecumenical program born during the Second Vatican Council, even in Slovak society, the dominant Roman Catholic Church has clearly stepped out of its historical socio-paternalistic attitudes. The current policy of the Slovak particular Roman Catholic Church leads all its members and adherents to religious tolerance. Despite this, manifestations of religious tolerance in the current secularizing Slovak national community are accepted by a certain part of the so-called modernist population with a considerable amount of animosity. This opens up a vast and fragmented political space for the Slovak state authorities to regulate and eliminate the currently more aggressive manifestations of the currently living intolerance. Especially radically directed against the views of the "backward", so-called the worldview of the archaic, i.e. religiously oriented, majority of the Slovak population. The task of the current state power becomes the reduction of anti-religious and anti-church activities, rooted in and based on a destructive ideological and ideological platform that negatively affects the value orientation of the emerging West European so-called liberal-modernist generation.

The profession of a clergyman, a priest of a certain church corporation, regardless of the degree of his hierarchical affiliation, is one of the chosen „paths in life“. In addition to serving God, the priest is supposed to serve the people entrusted to him and lead them clearly to his knowledge. The profession of a priest working in the field of the armed forces and armed corps, included not only in the service of God and the Church, but also in the state service, is particularly demanding. The priest in uniform finds himself in situations confronting the spiritual interior of the individual with the outside world, its surroundings. The priest must therefore artfully reconcile the given ideological essence of the soldier’s or policeman’s personality with the reality for which he was prepared by professional education and training. The contradiction between idea and reality can be tangible especially in the conditions of experienced armed military or social confrontation. The values of peace are confronted with the purpose of war. That is when the priest’s mission in the armed forces of the state irreplaceable. The article aims to point out some connections between faced with this dilemma.

National (civil) courts play a significant role in enforcing EU competition law as functional Union courts. This scientific article objective is to investigate the extent to which the European Commission is obligated to follow the decisions of national civil courts. The analysis requires an examination of the appropriate legal framework. As a result, in the first part of the paper, the European Commission obligation to take into account the decisions of the national courts from primary law perspective will be examined. Based on this, the second part explore the link between the European Commission and national courts from the standpoint of relevant secondary law. From the scientific methods we have used the analytical and descriptive method to analyse the current situation. By comparative method we introduce different views on the legal regulation. The presented topic has not been thoroughly examined in the literature on the subject thus far, giving the chance to identify avenues for future research.